UDYOG

TEAM KAIZEN

CURE FOR

COVID-19

PFZ ltd
 CALCULATION
Being a chemical engineer in PFZ ltd. ,we have been tasked with designing a process to scale up the production
of active ingredient “X” required for the therapeutic action against the COVID-19 virus.

S(aq)      
Enzyme (E), Rate -constant (k)
P(aq)
The given reaction follows Michaelis-Menten Mechanism
Where Km= 0.01M, k = 6 hr -1, [Eo]=1% of initial substrate concentration [So ].The reaction is assumed
to be completed at 95% of conversion. The constant Km is called the Michaelis constant.

νmax = k[Eo]. Thus vmax is the maximum rate linearly proportional to the total enzyme concentration. The constant of
proportionality k is known as the turnover number, and represents the maximum number of molecules of substrate
that each enzyme molecule can convert into products .
When [S] >> Km, the overall rate is independent of the substrate concentration.
d [ P] d[S ] d[S ] [So ]  [S ]
  k [ Eo ]   0.06[ S 0 ]Mhr 1 t hr
dt dt
=> dt
<=> 0.06[ S o ]

Considering 95% completion, final [S]=0.05[So].

PFZ
 Each reactor vessel has a capacity of 1000L .But we plan to fill the vessel initially with
900L of substrate solution.

We have further decided to keep the initial concentration of substrate to be 10 M which

is the safest maximum value as above this the substrate may get denatured.

Considering this each vessel initially consist of 900*10=9 kmoles of substrate

As 5264 kmoles of substrate needs to be reacted per day.

This accounts for 5264 / 9 =584.89(585 approx.) vessels .

OPERATIONAL COST INCLUDES

• Cost of 1 vessel = Rs. 1.5 lakh
• Cost of total vessels=585 x 1.5 lakh=Rs 8,77,50,000(Rs 877.5 lakh)
• Plant operator charges per 8 hour = Rs. 500. Per person (2 person requires per vessel)
• Total operator=585(no. of vessel) x 2(per vessel) x 3(shifts per day) =3510
• Total operator cost=3510 x 500 = Rs. 17,55,000 / day
• The other expenses like the daily electricity, maintainence, by product control, waste product control are
also to be included in the operational cost which further depends on the administration and location.

PFZ ltd
 PH CONTROL

As The Enzyme works optimally in the pH range of 7.0 to 8.0; other than this range, the enzyme gets
denatured, and no conversion takes place. We plan to control the Ph level of the solution by
diluting the reacting solution with the left 100L of water in each vessel. The dilution helps to
bring the Ph level of the solution to a neutral stage close to 7.And as the initial concentration of
substrate was max, dilution would decrease it further keeping it in the safe range and preventing it from
getting denatured.

We plan to introduce this 100L of water at a continuous flow throughout the reaction time.
Adding water to an acid or base will change its ph by reducing the concentration of ions in the solution.
When an acidic solution is diluted with water the concentration of H + ions decreases and the pH of the
solution increases towards 7 with just the reverse happening in case of bases.

With this method we can manage ph. to lie between 7-8.

PFZ ltd
 TEMPERATURE CONTROL

The product obtained is heat-sensitive, hence ideally, a temp of 25 oC to 35 oC must be maintained in

the reactor vessel at all times .The reaction is exothermic in nature and releases a total of ΔH = -418.6
kJ/kmol.

As each vessels contains 9kmoles of substrate . The total enthalpy of the reaction in each vessel is
418.6 * 9 = 3767.4 KJoules. As the specific heat of water is 4.186 kJ/(kg oC) and we are already
introducing 100L of water, We plan to keep the temperature of those 100L of water to be at a
comparatively lower temperature of around 20 0C.

This will alone help to compensate for the releasing energy. To isolate the reacting solution from the
surrounding climate we cover the reacting vessel by a jacket of running water which helps to
further maintain the temperature of the vessel.

PFZ ltd
 DIAGRAM OF THE
VESSEL USED

PFZ ltd
 ISOLATION

Inorder to isolate the active ingredient X from the product solution P by using the specifc
properties of x. We decide to do this by the ion-exchange resin method.
 The method includes separation of X from an aqueous solution with a comminuted cation-
exchange resin, separating the resulting active ingredient by the resulting retaining resin
and eluting the attained product from said resin with an organic solvent.

As content of X is very less in a vesel,We can also introduce charged plates inorder to separate the
polar components from the product solution.The power for the charged plates can also be provided
by the heated water-converting-into-steam from the jacket running around the vessel.
PFZ ltd
 COUNTRIES WITH MAXIMUM
NEED OF DRUG

Countries having maximum number of cases (Italy, USA and Spain) and countries with less medical
facility and dense population which will not be able to withstand the pandemic hit like India needs to be
tackled first as they will help in flattening of the curve .

PFZ ltd
 MAINTAINING TEMP. AND
MOISTURE DURING SHIPPING

• Using appropriate packaging material

• Choosing carrier with experience in type of goods we are shipping

Ex- FedEx is launching an overnight temperature control delivery

solution
Buying cold shipping box from shipping stores like UPS (insulated
coolers)

• For moisture prevention-

1. Placing desiccants in container

2.Using dehumidifiers and air con units
3.Using ventilation (mostly preferred )

PFZ ltd
 SUPPLY CHAIN MODEL

We will be using international delivery services like Amazon (as amazon delivers to almost every part of world) and
local delivery services like Swiggy, Zomato as they have a well established system

Up taking of the drugs from the local Now drugs are delivered to Now delivering to each and every hospital
warehouse to the countries where each state using Amazon/ using local delivery services such as
Amazon like services exist using Flipkart services Zomato / Swiggy
Amazon cargo planes.

In countries like USA where Amazon is having a huge

network we can use amazon prime air service which
HOSPITAL
Promise to deliver products within 30 minutes

PS- In countries where Amazon/ Swiggy doesn’t exist we’ll partner with the similar companies
PFZ ltd like the US address in North Korea , Iran etc.
 THANK YOU!

PFZ ltd