Tuesday, March 6, 2018

Fighting disease
Learning intentions.
2.62 understand how the immune system responds to disease using white
blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes
releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen
2.63B understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory
cells, which enable future antibody production to the pathogen to occur
sooner, faster and in greater quantity
2.64B understand how platelets are involved in blood clotting, which
prevents blood loss and the entry of micro-organisms.
 2.62 understand how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes
ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen

1
Some white blood cells can
ingest pathogens

When the pathogen is inside

the white blood cell it can
digest it using enzymes
 2
white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and
2.62 understand how the immune system responds to disease using
White blood cells release Different pathogens have
antibodies when a pathogen is different antigens so our white
inside the body blood cells need to make the
lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen

correct antibody for the

pathogen

Antibody

The antibody attaches to the

antigen and stops the pathogen
from moving Bacteria
Antigen
 3
white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and
2.62 understand how the immune system responds to disease using

lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen Antitoxins neutralise toxins

Pathogens produce poisons

called toxins that make us feel
Toxin
unwell

White blood cells can produce

antitoxins that neutralise (wipe
Antitoxin out) the toxins. This stops us
feeling unwell
 4
white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and
2.62 understand how the immune system responds to disease using

When white blood cells

destroy a pathogen memory
lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen

cells are made which stay in

the blood

Antibodies only last a few

days,
but memory cells, which
remember how to make them,
last a lifetime.

These make antibodies so

quickly that the microbes are
all destroyed before
they can make you ill.
Your task
Imagine a group of pathogens have invaded your body.

Write a story to describe the different ways the WBC have destroyed
them.

You must use the key words

You can include pictures and characters
2.63B understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody
production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity

What are vaccines?

Vaccines contain a small amount of dead or weakened
pathogen particles.

A vaccine stimulates the production of

antibodies and memory cells against the
target pathogen, without making the
person ill.

If a vaccinated person is later infected

by the same pathogen, their immune
system can destroy it very quickly.

Parents of two-year-old children are offered a combined

measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine to protect their
child. What has happened to MMR vaccination rates recently?
2.63B understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody
production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity

You are You

vaccinated make antibodies
with dummy against them.
Explain
microbes that The dummies are
can’t make
Antibodies present

gone but memory

you ill. cells remain.

vaccine

Time
2.63B understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody
production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity

You don’t
notice the infection.
Memory cells make
antibodies before the
microbes have
Antibodies present

Explain
time to multiply.
new
infection
vaccine
or
1st infection
Time
2.63B understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody
production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity

Vaccines

Keywords:
Vaccine, antibody response, antibodies,
antigens, engulf, memory cells, immunity.
 SS4
2.63B understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody
production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster andVaccine
in greater quantity
These graphs show how antibody numbers change
when microbes invade your body.
You feel better.
Complete these sentences to explain Microbes There are enough
what the graphs show: damage your antibodies to destroy the
cells and make microbes.

Antibodies present
The microbes are
When a microbe infects you for the first time, you you feel ill. gone but memory
cells remain.
can’t make ________________ straight away, so you
feel ______ for a few days.
1st
Vaccines act like dummy ______________. They infection
can’t make you ill, but they train your ___________
Time
system to ________________ the real microbes, and
make antibodies.

You don’t
If the same microbe infects you again, you do not get
notice the infection.

Antibodies present
ill because you have ____________ cells. These Memory cells make
antibodies before the
make antibodies very ___________ microbes have time
to multiply.
so the microbes don’t have time to new
infection
_________________ and make you feel ill. vaccine
or
Words to use: immune ill multiply quickly 1st infection
microbes memory recognise antibodies Time
2.64B understand how platelets are involved in blood clotting, which prevents blood loss and the entry of micro-organisms.

The role of platelets

Clotting of open wounds
Platelets that are transported in the blood plasma help to clot wounds by gathering at the site and forming a plug to
prevent blood loss.
Clotting blood is needed, for example, if a person falls and grazes their knee, so that they can stay on the field of play.

Platelets help prevent bleeding as they stick to each other and to the walls of the blood vessels. If a person gets cut
while playing, the platelets flowing in the plasma stick together and form a plug to prevent further blood loss.
This plug also forms a protective layer to prevent pathogens from entering the blood system.
2.63B understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody
production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity

Plenary: Discuss with the person next to you how you think
this graph is linked to how a vaccine works.