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An Introduction To The Finite Element Analysis: Presented by Niko Manopulo
An Introduction To The Finite Element Analysis: Presented by Niko Manopulo
Presented by
Niko Manopulo
Agenda
PART I
Introduction and Basic Concepts
PART II
Mathematical Formulation
PART III
Finite Element Discretization
• Hooke’s Law:
( x ) E ( x )
where
du
( x)
dx
• Strain Energy Density:
1
( x ) ( x)
2
• External Energy:
L
W qu dx
0
U W
or
[u ( x)] U [u ( x)] W [u ( x)]
d du
L[u ] ( p ( x ) ) z ( x)u q ( x ), 0 x 1 (1)
dx dx
u (0) u (1) 0.
It follows that:
L[u ] q 0
Multiplying this by a weight function v and integrating over
the whole domain we obtain:
1
( L[u] q)v dx (v, L[u ] q) 0
0
(2)
For the inner product to exist v must be “square integrable”
Therefore:
v L2 (0,1)
Equation (2) is called variational form
N
v( x) V ( x) d j j ( x)
j 1
u C 2 (0,1) U C 2 (0,1)
• Therefore we can see U as element of a finite-diemnsional
subspace of the infinite-dimensional function space C2(0,1)
U S N (0 ,1) C 2 (0 ,1)
• The same way
V Sˆ N (0 ,1) L2 (0 ,1)
(V , r ) 0, V Sˆ N
r ( x) L[U ] q
• r(x) is called the residual (as the name of the method suggests)
• The vanishing inner product shows that the residual is orthogonal to
all functions V in the test space.
d
j 1
j ( j , L[U ] q ) 0 d j , j 1, 2 , ... , N
( j , L[U ] q ) 0 j 1, 2 , ... , N
d du
L[u ] ( p ( x) ) z ( x)u q( x), 0 x 1
dx dx
u (0) u (1) 0.
1
(v, L[u ] q ) v [( pu ' )' zu q ] dx
0
• Integrating by parts
1 1
A(v , u ) (v , q ) 0
where
1
A(v , u ) (v' pu ' vzu ) dx
0
• Now that derivative of v comes into the picture v needs to have more
continoutiy than those in L2. As we want to keep symmetry its
appropriate to choose functions that produce bounded values of
1
A(u , u ) ( p (u ' ) 2 zu 2 ) dx
0
• As p and z are necessarily smooth functions the following restriction is
sufficient 1
2 2
(u ' ) u dx
0
• Functions obeying this rule belong to the so called Sobolev Space and
they are denoted by H1. We require v and u to satisfy boundary
1
conditions so we denote the resulting space as H 0
c A(
k 1
k j , k ) ( j , q) , j 1, 2 , ... , N
1
1 L
U u ' EAu ' dx A(v , u ) (v' pu 'vzu ) dx
2 0 0
L
W qu dx (v , q )
0
U W 0 A(v , u ) (v , q ) 0
c A(
k 1
k j , k ) ( j , q ) , j 1, 2 , ... , N
j 1 ( x) c j 1
U ( x) [c j 1 c j ] [ j 1 ( x) j ( x)] x [ x j 1 , x j ]
j ( x) cj
in the same way
j 1 ( x) d j 1
V ( x) [d j 1 d j ]
( x ) [ j 1 ( x) j ( x)] d x [ x j 1 , x j ]
j j
1 / h j c j 1
U ' ( x) [c j 1 c j ] [1 / h j 1 / h j ] c x [ x j 1 , x j ]
1 / h j j
h j x j x j 1
• Derivative of V is analogus
1 / h j d j 1
V ' ( x) [d j 1 d j ] [1 / h j 1 / h j ] x [ x j 1 , x j ]
1 / h j d
j
[ A (V ,U ) (V , q)
j 1
j j ]0
A j (V , U ) ASj (V ,U ) AMj (V , U )
xj
A (V ,U )
S
j pV 'U ' dx
x j 1
xj
A (V ,U )
M
j zVU dx
x j 1
xj
(V , q) Vq dx
x j 1
x j 1 / h j c j 1
A (V , U ) [d j 1 d j ] p
S
[1 / h j 1 / h j ] dx
j x j1 cj
1/ hj
x j p 1 1 c j 1 c j 1
S
A j (V , U ) [d j 1 d j ] dx [d j 1 d j ]K j
x j1 h 2 1 1 c j
j cj
p 1 1
Kj 1 1
hj
cj
zh j 2 1
Mj
6 1 2
h j 2q j 1 q j
lj Element load vector
6 q j 1 2q j
Joint Advanced Student School S
t.Petersburg 2005
4.6 Assembling
• Doing the same for the Mass Matrix and for the Load Vector
4 1
1 4 1
zh 1 4 1
N
j
A M
j 1
d T
Mc M
6
... ... ...
1 4 1
1 4
q0 4q1 q2
N
h q1 4q2 q3
(V , q)
j 1
j d Tl l
6 ...
q N 2 4q N 1 q N
[ A (V ,U ) (V , q)
j 1
j j ]0
d T [(K M )c l ] 0
• This has to be satisfied for all choices of d therefore
(K M )c l 0
• Carlos Felippa
http://caswww.colorado.edu/courses.d/IFEM.d/IFE
M.Ch06.d/IFEM.Ch06.pdf