COURSE 1

LESSON 1
N1 は N2 desu
　ー N1 is the topic of the sentence.
ーは indicate that the (N1)noun before it is a topic
(means “is,am,are,were,was)
　ー desu works as predicate,makes the sentence polite.
N1 は N2 desu
　 Example:
Watashi wa Maiku Mira-desu.
Watashi wa Amerikajin desu.
Watashi wa kaishain desu.

N1 は N2 ja(dewa) arimasen
ー ja(de wa)arimasen is the negative of desu.
is used in formal speech and writing
*this form is used with iie to indicate that something is
incorrect or to show disagreement.
Example:
Maiku Mira wa Nihonjin ja arimasen.
N1 は N2 desu ka
ー particle か (ka)is used to express
uncertainty,doubt etc. (questioning form)
ー makes the sentence into interrogative
a. confirming question-anwerable by hai or iie
Example: Daisy san Firipinjin desuka?
…hai, Firipinjin desu.
…hai, sou desu
Example:
Rhomeliza san wa sensei desu ka?
...iie, sensei ja arimasen.gakusei desu.
…iie, chigaimasu. Gakusei desu.
b. questions with interrogatives(N1 は question
desu ka)
Ex. Ano kata wa donata desu ka?
interrogative
N mo ー is used when the thing applies as was
stated before
particle も (mo) ー list additively 2 or more
things in a similar category. Means “also”
Example:
Mar san wa gakusei desu. Nobel san mo gakusei
desu.
George san wa kaishain desu. Jesica san mo
kaishain desu.
N1 no N2
is a particle used to link 2 nouns.N1 always modi-
fies N2.In this lesson, N1 represents an organization or
some kind of group to which N2 belongs.
Ex: Mira-san wa IMC no shain desu.
Daisy san wa YSNLC no gakusei desu.

-san –means “Mr./Ms ～” added to family name or first

name of the listener or third person to show the
speaker’s respect. ～ chan is added to small children’s
names.
Particle- are considered to be equivalent to prepositions,
conjunctions, interjections of the English language.
-should always be placed after the word it
modifies.
はー pronounced as wa, marks a topic, means
“is,am,are,was,were”
か (ka)-make a sentence into interrogative`
indicate a confirmation
express uncertainty or doubt
も (mo)-list additively 2 or more things in similar
category means “also”.
の (no)-place between 2 nouns
- connect 2 nouns