Secondary Industries

Sugar and Steel industries.

BY: Ali Abdullah

 What is an industry?
An industry is a branch of an economy that
produces a closely related set of raw materials,
goods or services. An example could be the
marble industries.
 The 3 Types of Industries.

1. Primary industries
• Provides food and raw materials.

2. Secondary Industry
• Processes Raw materials and manufactures goods.

3. Tertiary Industry
• Provides Services.
 Steel Industry
• Pakistan produces around six million metric tons of steel per year. This comprises of raw
products such as iron ore and scrap ; flat products such as sheets and plates, used in the
automotive sector ; and long products such as steel bars, wire rods, rails and structures used
in infrastructure development and tubes and pipes.
• Steel industry produces hot metal, rolled and cast billets, galvanized products and raw steel.
• The factors needed to consider for a steel mill are a site, natural routes, capital, raw
materials, energy, labor, markets, and transports.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Steel Industry
Advantages
• Steel encourages industrialization
• A raw material used in the production
of a lot of products.
• Steel is also made in Pakistan so it’s
not necessary to import it.
• It provides opportunities for jobs and
business.
Disadvantages
• Raw materials aren’t locally made so they
need to be imported.
• Steel Mills require a lot of capital just to
set them up.
• Lack of skilled labor.
• The production of steel pollutes the
environment.
• Requires a lot of electricity to produce it.
 Inputs and Outputs of Steel Industry

Human inputs/outputs: Main Areas of production:

• Limestone 1. Sindh
• Coal 2. Pipri
• Iron Ore

• Output
• Steel
 Uses of Steel and Market

Uses
• Used in the construction of houses and
buildings
• Used in production of weapons and tools
• Used in making cars, ships and aircrafts
• Used in production of technology such as
mobiles
• Used for making cutlery and everyday
items
Market
• Is used in local markets and more than half
of steel produced in Pipri is used in Punjab
• It helps improve economy and improve
foreign exchange by producing steel that
can help in meeting local demands
 Sugar Industry
• Sugarcane is the fourth largest cash crop grown in Pakistan which contributes to the
agriculture economy the crop value of Rs. 48,292 million. Its share in the large-scale
industry is 18% and 1.9% in GDP. Sugar industry's contribution to the Government
exchequer in Federal excise duty is 11.2%.
• Average yield of sugarcane is 44 tons against the world average of 60 tons per
hectare. Pakistan's sugar mills crushing capacity is 58 million tons of sugarcane
capable to produce 5 million tons of refined sugar and 3 mill tons of molasses. The
mills still have utilized capacity of 34%
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Sugar Industry

Advantages
• Sugar is exported which earns GDP for
Pakistan.
• Production creates opportunities for
employment.
• Pakistan produces 46 tonnes per hectare
which meets local needs.
Disadvantages
• Sugar has a high Production Costs.
• The sugar mills Pollute the air making
the environment dangerous for locals.
• Mills in Pakistan have a small size.
 Inputs and Outputs of Sugar Industry

Human Inputs / Outputs: Main Areas:

• Sugarcane Punjab has 39 Mills. Faisalabad, Pasrur,
• Water Rahwali, etc.

Sindh has 21 Mills. Thatta, Dadu, Badin, etc.

Outputs:
KPK has 6 Mills. Peshawar, Mardan, etc.
• Sugar
• Molasses
• Bagasse
 Uses of Sugar and Market

Uses Market
• Sugar is added in foods and acts as a sweetener, • Pakistan has a large population and hence
preservative, texture modifier,
has a very large demand for sugar locally,
• fermentation substrate, flavoring and coloring agent, bulking
agent. and we can meet our own demands and that
• It can be used in the making of candy, baking, can be mixed
helps save foreign exchange.
in with animal feed and • Sugar produced in Pakistan is sold in
• Used in the industrial production of vinegar, citric acid and local markets, and stores for profit and is
other products.
also exported which improves foreign
• Sugar can be used for medicinal purposes as studies show
that sprinkling some sugar exchange and improves GDP.
• On a bedsore or ulcer before cleaning and dressing it can
help kill bacteria.