What is Ma

sculinity?
OBJECTIVES
1. Define masculinity.
2. Identify the 4 Categori
es of Masculinity
3. Understand the theor
y of Masculinity
4. Name the 7 Types of
Masculinity
5. Define and Understan
d the different types o
f Masculinity
PATRIARCHY
 Traditionally
men have
held power in
our society
 :the quality or
nature of the male
sex
: the quality, state,
or degree of being
masculine or
manly
Masculinity
:the social roles,
behaviors, and
meanings
prescribed for
?
men in any given
society at any one
time.
: Also defined as a male's focus, passion, and intensity in
love, health, and finances.

: It is considered as socially and traditionally characteristics

of being a male.

* some ways to think of Masculinity includes:

: A 'real man' characterized by toughness, competitiveness,

strong physique, aggression,and unemotionality.
4 Categories of :

Masculinity
1.Hegemonic

2. Complicit

3. Marginalized

4. Subordinated
Based on RAEWYN CONNELL'S:
Raewyn Connell's

• usually cited as R. W. Connell, is an Australian

sociologist.

• She is known for the concept of hegemonic

masculinity and her book, Southern Theory.

• Raewyn is best known internationally for studies on

masculinity.
Raewyn Connell's : THEORY OF MASCULINITY

According to Connell's: To speak of masculinities is to

speak about gender relations. Masculinities are not
equivalent to men; they concern the position of men in a
gender order. They can be defined as the patterns of practice
by which people (both men and women, though
predominantly men) engage that position.
 The hegemonic position is the currently accepted
male ideal within a particular culture at a particular
time. As such, the hegemonic male is an ideal type
(Weber 1946).

 Connell notes that this image changes over time

and place, as well as being subject to contestation
within a particular culture.
7 types Of Masculini
ty
 Caveman Masculinity

 Tribal Masculinity

 Warrior Masculinity

 Ruler Masculinity

 Explorer Masculinity

 Peacemaker Masculinity

 Integral Masculinity
Caveman Masculinity
 is mostly found at a collective level in pre-historic
communities.

 is far more basic, fundamental and instinctual than

a modern teenager and you are unlikely to ever
encounter it at a collective level in the 21st Century.

 as a baby when you drew upon your natural,

unconscious instincts to try and get your needs met.
Tribal Masculinity
 is more sophisticated than the Caveman Masculinity.

 It can be seen in the development of shared rituals,

traditions and superstitions and is found today in
tribal cultures around the globe.

 in the collective worship of local and national sports

teams, in modern mating rituals like stag nights and
in the tribal culture of street gangs.
Warrior Masculinity
 can be heroic, protective, and a powerful force for
self-preservation and personal advancement.

 with its drive for power and dominance can be

seen at play in rogue states where political
movements take control.
Ruler Masculinity
 This stage of masculinity is fundamental to
traditional religions with their adherence to agreed
rules and absolute truths.

 is usually socially conservative and is most

comfortable in settings where men’s and women’s
roles are clearly defined and distinguished.
Explorer Masculinity
 has it roots in the Age of Enlightenment (or Age of Reason) when

logic and individualism become more important than collective

traditions.

 If Ruler Masculinity shapes the game of sport, then it is Explorer

Masculinity that is running the business of sport.

 is practical, rational and meritocratic and believes that the pursuit

of individual success should be encouraged, acknowledged and

rewarded.
 Peacemaker Mascul
inity
 is strongly associated with feminism, gay marriage, animal rights,
vegetarianism, environmentalism, anti-capitalism and human rights
campaigning.

 are often considered to be more sensitive and empathic than

“typical men” and tend to believe that we should work collectively
to improve the lives of the “have nots”.

 came to prominence in the swinging sixties with the rejection of

both traditional and commercial values.
 Integral Masculinity
 is difficult to find at a collective level.

 It was certainly at play within Nelson Mandela when he united many different

stages of masculinity in the creation of post-apartheid South Africa.

 This is a typical quality of Integral Masculinity can provide you with the ability to

remain true to your own values

 If Ruler Masculinity is strong and protective; Explorer Masculinity is assertive,

independent and competitive; and Peacemaker Masculinity is more vulnerable,

yielding, intimate, collaborative, nurturing; then Integral Masculinity at its best is

strong and vulnerable, assertive and yielding, independent and intimate,

competitive and collaborative and protective and nurturing.

Traditional form of masculinity refers to a
specific sets of traits and behaviors that are
considered culturally appropriate for
manhood that leads the conception of:

Toxic Masculinity
 Over the past several years, toxic masculinity has
become a catchall explanation for male violence and
sexism.

 refer to certain cultural norms that are associated with

harm to society and to men themselves.

 The socialization of boys in patriarchal societies often

normalizes violence, such as in the saying "boys will be
boys" with regard to bullying and aggression.
Behaviors of toxic masculinity
1. Extreme self - reliance / the need to do everything on their own

2. Shame,disassociation, and avoidance of emotional expression

3. Extreme aspirations for physical, sexual, and intellectual

dominanc.

4. Devaluation of women's opinions, body, and sense of self.

5. Condemning anything feminine within another man or equating

affection for another man as being sexually attracted to other men.
Resulting in higher social isolation and loneliness / lack of social
cohesion.
5 ways every man can chall
enge the toxic culture of
Masculinity
 Examine your unconscious biases.

 Take a genuine interest in the experience of others.

 Take a stand.

 Be public about your flexible working.

 Be transparent about your health with other men.