BUOYANCY

FLUID MECHANICS

Presened By:
RIVAS, JESER MAYFLOR B.
BSED SCIENCE 1 A
 BUOYANCY

•Is the force that causes objects to float.

It is the force exerted on an object that
is partly or wholly immersed in a fluid.
•It is caused by the differences in press
ure acting on opposite sides of an objec
t immersed in a static fluid. It is also k
nown as the Buoyant Force.
BUOYANT FORCE
 ★ Any body, whole or
ARCHIMEDES partially immersed in a fluid
experiences and upward
force equal to the weight of
the fluid displaced.
 ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
• Archimedes' principle states that the upwa
rd buoyant force that is exerted on a body i
mmersed in a fluid, whether fully or partia
lly, is equal to the weight of the fluid that th
e body displaces.
• Archimedes' principle is a law of physics f
undamental to fluid mechanics.
 Fb = Wfl displaced
 Fb > Fg ( object will float )
 Fb < Fg ( object will sink )
 BUOYANT FORCE

• An upward force exerted by a fluid that op

poses the weight of an immersed object.

• Archimedes principle: The buoyant force e

xerted on a body immersed in a fluid is equ
al to the weight of the fluid the body displa
ces.
BUOYANT FORCE FORMULA

B = Pf V g
B = Buoyant Force in N
Pf = fluid density in kg/m³
V = displaced body volume of liquid in kg/m³
g = 9.81 m/s²
BUOYANCY MASS FORMULA

Mb = Mo ( 1- Pf / Po)
Mb = buoyancy mass in kg
Mo = true vaccum mass of the object in kg
Pf = surrounding fluid density in kg/m³
Po = object density in kg/m³
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
• The Archimedes principle is easiest to
understand and apply in the case of en
tirely submersed objects.
• In general, the buoyancy force on a co
mpletely submerged object is given by
the formula:
Fb = Vpg
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE FORMULA

Fb = V p g
Fb = Buoyant Force
p = fluid density
g = acceleration due to gravity
V= fluid volume
Example 1: • Consider the USS Macon, a hel
ium-filled airship (shown in ).
Its envelope (the “balloon”) co
ntained 184,059.5 cubic meter
s of helium. Ignoring the smal
l volume of the gondola, what
was the buoyancy force on thi
s airship? If the airship weigh
ed 108,000 kg, how much carg
o could it carry? Assume the d
ensity of air is 1.225 kg per me
ter cubed.
Fb = Vpg
Where ;
Fb = ?
V = 184, 059.5 kg
p = 1.212 kg/m³
g = 9.81 m/s²
 To find the cargo capacity of the airship, subtra
ct the weight of the airship from the buoyancy f
orce:

Fcargo = Fb - m g
Where;
Fb = 2. 21 x 10⁶ N
m = 108, 000
= 1. 08 x 10⁵ kg
g = 9. 81 m/s²
 The mass the airship can carry is:
Mcargo = Fcargo/g
= 1.15x10⁶ / 9.81
= 1.2x10⁵ kg
= 120 tons
Example 2 :
A piece of alloy has weight of 0.8316 N in air and 0.3416 N wh
immersed in water. Find its volume and its density.

Given:
Fg = 0. 8316
(Fg)app = 0. 3416
Pwater = 1000kg/m³
★ Find the Buoyancy Forc
e:
Fb = Fg - (Fg)app
Fb = 0.8316 - 0.3416
Fb = 0.49 N
Example 3:
Calculate the Buoyancy and the gravitational force act
ing on an object suspended in water. The object has a
mass of 55 grams and a volume of 12.2
Questions :
Based on the given example no.3 , does the object will sink or float? Why?

Answer:

0.12 N < 0.54 N

The object will sink because the Buoyancy Force (

Fb ) is lesser than the Force of the Gravity ( Fg) .
 Example 4:

If a stone has a mass of 250 g is thrown in water. Calcula

te the buoyant force acting on it?
Solution:

Given: Mass of stone m = 0.25 kg,

The buoyant force is given by:
F = mg
= 0.25 × 9.8
= 2.45 N.
Hence 2.45 N of upward force is acting on the stone.
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