General Studies -1

Ancient History

Lecture -5
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Buddhist Scripture

•Pali language

•All branches of Buddhism have the

Tri Pitaka as part of their core
scriptures, which comprises three
books

•Sutta Pitak,
•Vinay Pitak
•Abhi Dhamma Pitak.
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The Sutta Pitak

•Buddha’s Sermon
•Principles of Buddhism
•It is divided into five books or Nikayas.
Digha Nikaya
Majjhima Nikaya
Samyutta Nikaya
Angutar Nikaya 
Khuddaka Nikaya
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The Vinay Pitak

• Rules and regulations

 
•Ritual texts, biographical stories
and some stories of Jatakas
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The Abhidhamma Pitak

•Philosophy of Buddha’s teaching  

•Summaries, Questions and answers
of Sutta Pitaka
•Milindpanho
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Milindapanho
•The conversation between
Buddhist Bhikshu Nagsen
(Nagarjun) and Indo-Greek
Bactrian King Menander
(Milind).
(means questions of Milind).
•It was written by Nagsen in Pali
language almost in 100 A.D.
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Buddhist Councils
First Council
(Time – 483 B.C.E.)
 Place – Rajgriha
 Royal patron – Ajatshatru (Haryanka Dyanasty
President – Mahakassapa.

Two Pitakas –
 Sutta Pitaka (Buddha’s Sermons) – Anand.
 Vinay Pitaka (Code of Conduct) – Upali.
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Second Council
(Time – 383 B.C.E.)
 Place – Vaishali
 Royal patron – Kalashok
 President – Subbakami or Sarvakami.
 On the ideological differences Sangha was divided into two parts
–
1) Sthavirvadi 2) Mahasanghik.
 
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Third Council
(Time – 250 or 251 B.C.E.)
Place – Patliputra
 Royal Patron – Ashoka
 President – Mogliputta Tissa. 
In this council Mogliputta Tissa compiled the Abhidhamma Pitaka and
wrote a book Kathavatthu (in Pali). 
Decision was taken to sent Buddhist missionaries to other countries.
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Forth Council
[Time – 1st Century C.E. (100 A.D.)]
 — Place – Kashmir (Kundalvan)
 Royal Patron – Kanishka
 President – Vasumitra.
 Vice President – Ashwagosha 
After this council Buddhism divided into two sects – 
a) Hinayana or Lesser Wheel. b) Mahayana or Greater Wheel.
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