Solar Air Conditioning System

&
Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors
Speaker:

CK Chong

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DID YOU KNOW?
 The rate at which the energy emitted by the sun is
equivalent to the energy coming from a furnace at a
temperature of about 5727C. (6.33 x 107 W/m2)
 If we could harvest the energy coming from just 10
hectares (25 acres) of the surface of the sun, we
would have enough to supply the current energy
demand of the WORLD. (3.83 x 1026 W)
(William B. Stine & Raymond W. Harrigon, 1985)

The rate at which solar energy reaches a unit area at the

earth is called the insolation or solar irradiance.
 Divergance of energy from the sun to the earth

 The earth is displaced from the sun, and since the sun’s energy
spreads out like light from a candle, only a small fraction of the
energy leaving an area of the sun reaches an equal area on the
earth.
 The earth rotates about its polar axis, so any collection device
located on the earth’s surface can receive the sun’s radiant energy
only for about one-half of each day.
 The condition of the atmosphere that surrounds the earth’s surface
blocks certain percentage of the sun’s energy from reaching the
earth.
 Earth revolves around the sun every
365.25 days in an elliptical orbit.
 Mean Earth-Sun distance is 1.496 x
1011 m = 1 astronomical unit (AU)
 Earth rotates 24 hours about its own
polar axis, with a declination angle of
23.45.
 Earth rotation about its polar axis
produces our days and nights.
 Tilt of this axis produces 4 seasons
as the earth rotates around the sun.

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 Solar Radiation Average for Year:
Station : KLIA Sepang
2005 – 160.25 BTU/ft2.hr
Lat. : 2 44’ N
2006 – 147.00 BTU/ft2.hr
Long. : 101 42’ E
2007 – 151.58 BTU/ft2.hr
Height above M.S.L. : 16.3 m

Solar Radiation (BTU/ft2.hr) - Average

Year
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

2005 163 178 180 174 158 166 155 163 179 141 135 131

2006 138 162 0 133 137 146 157 161 159 148 143 133

2007 138 165 157 165 167 145 145 147 165 147 143 135

Average 146 168 168 157 154 152 152 157 168 146 141 133

154 (485.65 W/m2)

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Solar Panel Installation Tilt Angle

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Solar Panel Installation Tilt Angle

Malaysia Best Location

- Facing South
- Tilt Angle 14˚ to 15˚

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SDC Evacuated Tube
Solar Collectors

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Flat Plate Solar Collector

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Flat Plate Solar Water – Tank Collector

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How Flat Plate Solar Works?

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Heat-pipe evacuated tube solar collector

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 Present Products of
Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors

 Liquid medium in the heat pipe vaporizes when heated by solar ener
gy. This vapor rapidly rises to condenser heat pipe and transfer the
heat to surrounding water. As the heat is lost at the condenser (top),
the vapor condenses to form the liquid and returns to the bottom of t
he heat pipe to once again repeat the process.
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 Working principle of heat-pipe
Condenser
section Pressure Boiling point
  105 Pa °
C
Q
0.023368 20

Liquid 0.073749 40

0.199190 60
Vapour
0.473590 80

Q 1.013250 100

Evaporator Working fluid (water)

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 Scheme of heat-pipe ETSC
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Heat-Pipe ETSC Manifold
Header

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Evacuated Tube Solar Collector Vs. Flat Plate Solar Collector

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Evacuated Tube Solar Collector Vs. Flat Plate Solar Collector

Thermal image shown heat

despite out from Flat Plate
compare with vacuum tube
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Solar Domestic Hot Water Applications

Applications :
 Hot Water Shower, Jacuzzi & Washing Basin

 Process & Space Heating

 Laundry & Drying

 Kitchen Usage

 Swimming Pools & Saunas

 De-humidification

 Sterilization
Solar Domestic Hot Water Applications
Wide Range of Industries :

 Residential Hot Water Usage

 Hotels & Resorts

 Hospitals

 Factories

 Restaurants

 Offices

 Recreation Centers

 Wet Markets
Type of Solar Installation
Heat-pipe ETSC used in the South Pole

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Heat-pipe ETSC installed in Tibet, China

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Heat-pipe ETSC installed in Los Angelas, USA

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Heat-pipe ETSC installed in Hiroshima, Japan

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Solar Air Conditioning S
ystem

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Solar Air Conditioning System
 Working Principles of Solar Air Conditioning System
 Solar Air Conditioning System
No Location Collector Chiller Year

Area Cooling cap.

City Country Type Type
(m2) (kW / USRT)

1 Stuttgart Germany SEIDO 2 320 Absorption 560 / 156 1998

2 Hirohima Japan SEIDO 1 228 Absorption 140 / 39 1998
3 Rushan China SEIDO 5 432 Absorption 100 / 28 1999
4 Freiburg Germany SEIDO 2 170 Adsorption 70 / 19 2001
5 Beijing China SEIDO 1 680 Absorption 360 / 100 2004
6 Los Angeles USA SEIDO 1 82 Absorption 36 / 10 2004
7 Kalol India SEIDO 10 162 Absorption 90 / 25 2006
8 Selangor Malaysia SEIDO 1 340 Absorption 105 / 30 2008
Note: For the unit of cooling power, 1 USRT = 3.412 kW
Why Solar Energy?

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 INTAGIBLES BENEFITS

GREEN INNIATIVES- USING SOLAR ENERGY

REDUCED GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) EMISSION

 WHY SOLAR ENERGY?

• Malaysia – Best Location for Solar Energy

– Maximum intensity of solar radiation along the year

– Average six (6) hours of sunshine per day
 WHY SOLAR ENERGY?

• Abundance of sunlight - 89,000 terawatts from the sun VS 15

terawatts needed entire world.
• Pollution free – it is gift from GOD
• Can be used from anywhere - Installed on building/remote
areas
• Depleting Renewable energy
– Crude Oil reserve : 19years
– Natural Gas reserve: 33years
• Viable to harness via Evacuated tube solar collector
technologies
– 92% of efficiency
– High temperature of hot water
– Zero maintenance
– Long operation lifespan
THE MOST CRUCIAL REASON FOR USING
SOLAR
IS…..

THE SURVIVAL OF MANKIND

WE HAVE TO GO GREEN
Will reduce the perils of nature
Floods
Sinking of cities
Forest fires and barren land
Drought
And losing the greens our oxygen

Barren land-no rain

 SUMMARY – CLIMATE CHANGE IS REAL

• Concentration of CO2 will certainly on the rise as long as

fossils fuels remained as principal source of energy.

• NASA Goddard Institute for Space Study (GISS) estimated

CO2 is increasing at the rate of 0.4% a year.

• GISS predicted for the next 50 years earth temperature will

increase by 2°C compared to only 0.5ºC for the last 50 years.

• Climate change is inevitable as long as developments

continues
SUMMARY – CLIMATE CHANGE IS REAL

Ideal temperature

Warmer temperature
 CONCLUSION

• Green Building Using Solar Cooling Technology

 State of Art Building with evacuated solar tubes roof.
 Design cooling load can be reduced by more than 20%.
 CONCLUSIONS

• Hybrid Chiller System

 Viable by combining solar and natural gas energy.
 Viable by combining solar and conventional electric energy to reduce the
energy consumption

• Capital Expenditure
 Additional cost incurred is offset by Investment Tax Allowance and
saving on operating cost.
Thank you !
For enquiry:
edison.kong@sdc.my or visit
www.sdc.my

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