Chapter 3

Research Design and Methodology

 Research Design
 The research design incorporates key
methodology decisions on the fundamental form
of the study and spells out the strategies and the
researchers plan in order to develop accurate and
interpretable information.
 It also involves a fairly linear progression of
tasks.

 Under this is a descriptive research design that

describes the data and characteristics concerning
the population or phenomenon being studied
 With regards to this study, it is appropriate that
the researchers use the descriptive survey
research so as to describe a certain number of the
participant’s behavior regarding the particular
situation; where in one of their personal beliefs
maybe compromised.
 The researchers will not implement a treatment
or experiment to a controlled number of
participants, so as to get their opinion and views
regarding our study.
 This type of research design will help us gather
relevant data and information. It would also help the
researchers find accurate response of the participants
through surveys.

 In this way, the researchers will be able to analyze

the responses and get appropriate result related to the
study
 Descriptive Method
 used to obtain information concerning the current
status of the phenomena to describe “what exist”
with respect to variables or condition in a
situation. This method involved range from the
survey which describes the status quo.
 It also provides an accurate portrayal or account of
characteristics of a particular individual, situation, or
group.

 Descriptive studies are a way of:

(1) discovering new meaning
(2) what exists
(3) determining the frequency with which something
occurs
(4) categorizing information.

Descriptive studies are usually conducted when little is

known about phenomenon.
 In descriptive research, investigators often use:

› Interviews
› unstructured observation
› structured observations (observations guided by a
checklist)
› questionnaires to describe the phenomenon studied.
 Descriptive studies provide:
› the knowledge base and potential
hypothesis to direct the conduct of
correlational, quasi-experimental and
experimental studies.
 Respondents of the Study
 The respondents of the study are fifty selected personnel
assigned at the Bureau of Fire Protection National
Headquarters.

 The researchers selected the participants in the basis of the

nurses’ availability during the sampling periods.
 Survey Research
 It is a non-experimental research that focuses on
obtaining information regarding:
› the activities
› Beliefs
› Preferences
› attitude of people via direct questioning of a sample of
respondents
 A survey is designed to obtain information from
populations regarding prevalence, distribution, and
interrelations of variables within those populations.

 When surveys use samples of individuals, as they

usually do, and may be referred to as sample surveys
(as opposed to a census, which covers the entire
population).
 • Surveys tend to
 Surveys obtain
information from sample yield data that are
of people by means of primarily
self-report – that is, the quantitative.
study participants Survey also collect
respond to a series of information on
questions asked by the people’s
investigator. knowledge,
opinions, attitudes,
and values.
 Surveyed data can be gathered in a number of ways.
› The most effective method of securing survey information
is through personal interviews
 This method is performed through face to face interviews.
 are rather costly: they require considerable planning and interviewer
will need to use a lot of time in interviewing the personnel’s selected.

Nevertheless, personal interviews are regarded as the

most useful method of collecting survey data because of the
quality of the information they yield. A further advantage of
personal interviews is that relatively few people refuse to be
interviewed in person.
 Data Gathering Instruments/ Research Tools
Used

 The instrument used in this study is a close-

ended questionnaire with a consent attached
regarding the study.
 A close- ended questionnaire is a questionnaire
that has the response already prepared. The
participant merely checks, underlines, encircles
or ranks the given response as directed.
 Consent should accompany
the questionnaire disclosing
 The consent also
the following information: guarantees the
the researcher’s purpose, respondent’s
what is to be done with the confidentiality and
data gathered, and why the
participant should answer it.
anonymity of given
information
 Procedure followed
 Prior to the conduct of the study, permission was
sought from the researcher’s adviser to conduct a
study to the target respondents.

 Communication letter was made and presented to

the contact person Capt. Ramirez.
 Personnel assigned at the Bureau of Fire Protection National
Headquarters assisted the researchers in selecting respondents and
in conducting the study.

 The questionnaires were personally administered and asked to the

respondents.

 After data gathering, all answered questionnaires were

summarized, tabulated and encoded for statistical interpretation
and analysis