because poor sterilization Team work Two team Sterile team – Surgeon, Assistant Surgeon, Scrub Unsterile team – Anaesthetist, Circulating Nurse, Technician ( perfusionist, Biomedical Engineering) Zones Four Zones Zone (1) – Unrestricted Zone - From ward to runner room Zone (2) – Semi-restricted Zone - Runner room to changing room Zone (3) - Restricted Zone - After changing room to operation room Zone (4) – Disposal Zone - Instruments and equipment are cleaned and biohazardous waste is disposed OT Attire (Dress)
• Need changing dress with head to toe for
reduce self protection OT Requirements Operation room for General Surgery ( for Two Team) 20 ‘ 20‘’ 10‘ = 400 Operation room for Special Surgery (for Three Team) 20 ‘ 30‘’ 10‘ = 600 Big enough for free circulation Two openings - Towards scrub area - Towards sterile area Openings fitted with swing doors. Marble or polished stone flooring Glaze tiled walls No false ceiling Well ventilated Air circulation by positive pressure through High efficiency particulate air filter ( HEPA) system (0.3ú) As per US Public Health services minimum requirement for OR air are 25 changes hour , positive pressure compared with corridors temperature between 18& 24º C humidity of 50 to 55% Operation table to be kept away from the entrance and head end should be close to the sterile area O.T WITH HEPA FILTER Instruments and Equipments Operation table – comfortable position Anaesthetic Machine & Gas Line Tralley – patient tralley, Mayo’s, square, over bag tralley Celling Light – mobile light ( shadow less and heat resistance) Suction Cautery – monopolar and bipolar (ESU) BP Apparatus Drip stamp X- ray Box Sterilizer – Boiler, Autoclave (Steam), Hot Air Oven S.S Stool – mobile stool, fit stool, step stool Instruments (critical instruments) Instruments tray and pin Equipments – cheatle forceps, BK, Jar, Long-tray, Large.bowl Ventilator, Defribulator, monitor Infusion syringe Soiled basin – kick basin Mackintosh- table cover Wall clock White board Cup board Extension box Arm board Sand bag, pillows Plastic container Anaesthetic Equipments – blade, ET. Tube, guide (steel let), magay forceps, gelly, syringe,stretho , ryle’s tube, orropharyngeal airway, tape Linen ST – surgical towel ( 30 30, 45 45, 60 60) Bed sheet Draw sheet Table sheet Split towel Skin towel Gown Turkish Abdominal pad or sponge Hand towel Blanket Legging Cautery Bag Camera Bag Dressing Dip; syringe Free needle Drip set, blood set, scalp vein set I.V cannula ( various sizes) Plaster tape Cotton Gauze Bandage – roller, elastic , triangle bandage, T- Bandage, POP Solutions Spinal Needle & Epidural Needle Disp; Glove Surgical Glove ( Various Sizes) Surgical Powder, Ointment, TEO Surgical Blade Sutures Needle ( free) Drainage tube Catheter – urinary, suction, epidural, nasal Urine bag Ryle’s tube Liquid Paraflim Glycerine Sofratulle 3-ways ( stop cock) Extension