Summary

1
Relations: Domain, Range, and Rule

Domain is the set of all permissible values of

the independent variable
Range is the set of all permissible values of the
dependent variable.
Permissible values of a variable
will not make the denominator zero
will not make the radicand of even
index negative
Functions
3
Functions

Definition Function
A function f from A to B is a relation from
A to B where to each a  A , there
corresponds exactly one b  B such that
 a, b  f .
A function can also be defined as a set of
ordered pairs in which no two ordered
pairs have the same first component but
different second components. 4
SOME EXAMPLES OF FUNCTIONS

 Functions as set of  Functions as equations

ordered pairs f(x) = x2 + 1
f = {(1,1),(3,5),(4,6),(8,9)}
g(x) = 4 - 5x
g = {(1,0),(2,0),(-1,5)}

 Functions as graphs
 Functions as table of
values
No. of eggs Price of
(x)x breakfast
(y)
1 P10.00
2 P18.00
5
3 P22.00
Functions

For each relation, determine if it is a function.

r1= {(1,3),(2,5),(3,8),(4,10)} Yes
r2 = {(-1,0),(2,-3),(.5,1),( 2/3,1/2)} Yes
r3 = {(x,y)| y= 2x-5} Yes
Yes
r4 = {(x,y)| y= x }
2

r = {(x,y)| y > x-3} No

 
5
x2 y2
r6  ( x , y )  1 No
 9 4 
6
 Vertical Line Test for a Function

A graph defines a function if each vertical line

in the rectangular coordinate system passes
through at most one point on the graph.
(a) y3 – x = 1 (b) y2 – x2 = 9
y
y
3
6

x
x –6 0 6
–3 0 3

–6
7
–3
 Vertical Line Test for a Function

Which of the following graphs represent a

function?

x x x x

y y y y

Yes No No Yes
8
Which of the following mapping diagrams
represent functions?

Yes Yes No

9
 TIME TO THINK
1. The following data were collected from members of
a college pre-calculus class.
Is the set of ordered pairs (x,y) a function?
a) x y
Height Weight
72 in. 180 lb
60 in. 204 lb
60 in. 120 lb
63 in. 145 lb
70 in. 184 lb
10
 TIME TO THINK
2. The following data were collected from members of
a college pre-calculus class.
Is the set of ordered pairs (x,y) a function?
x y
b) year of graduation number of graduates
2005 2
2006 12
2007 18
2008 7
2009 1
11
Function Notation

Suppose you’re given the equation f ( x )  3 x  4 .

 f(x) should be read “f of x “, NOT “f times x”.

 f is the name of the function; it’s not a number.
 x is the input value or independent variable.
 f(x) is the value of the function f at the number
x.

12
Function Notation

Suppose you’re given the equation f ( x)  3 x  4 .

We may replace f(x) by y. That is, f(x) = y which

means that the value of the function is the y
value.

What does f  2  10 mean?

The value of f when x = 2 is 10.

13
Interpretation of f(x)

14
Evaluating a function

15
Evaluating a function
Evaluate the following functions at x = 1.5
𝑎 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥)= 2 𝑥 +1
 

 𝑓 ( 1.5 ) =2 ( 1.5 ) +1

 
𝑓 (1.5)=4
2
𝑏 . 𝑞 ( 𝑥)= 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 +2
 

  2
𝑞 (1.5)=( 1.5 ) −2(1.5)+2
 
𝑞 (1.5)=1 .2 5 16
Evaluating a function
Evaluate the following functions at x = 1.5
 
𝑐 . 𝑔( 𝑥 )=√ 𝑥+1
 
𝑔(1.5)=√ 1.5+1
 
𝑔(1.5)=√ 2.5
  2 𝑥+1
𝑑 . 𝑟 ( 𝑥)=
𝑥 −1
  2(1.5)+ 1
𝑟 (1.5)=
1.5− 1
𝑟 (1.5)=8
17
 
Evaluating a function
 𝑒  . 𝑓 ( 𝑥)= 2 𝑥 +1
Evaluate the function
 𝑓 ( 3 𝑥 − 1 )=2 ( 3 𝑥 − 1 ) +1
𝑓 ( 3 𝑥 − 1 )=6 𝑥 − 1
 

2
𝑓 . 𝑞 ( 𝑥)= 𝑥 − 2 𝑥+2
 

Evaluate the function

  2
𝑞 (3 𝑥+3)=( 3 𝑥+ 3 ) − 2(3 𝑥 +3)+ 2
  18
 TIME TO THINK
  
1. Given . Find the following values:

19
 TIME TO THINK
2.  Given . Find the following values:


20