Chapter # 7

Induction Motor

Week # 14, Lecture 39

What we have studied So far?
• DC Motor

• DC Generator

• Synchronous Generator

• Synchronous Motor

• Induction Motor

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7.1: Induction Motor Construction
• The name induction machine because the rotor voltage (which
produces the rotor current and rotor magnetic field) is induced
in the rotor winding rather than being physically connected by
wires.
• A distinguishing feature is that no DC field current is required
to run this machine.
Motor Construction:
• Stator: An induction motor has the same physical stator as a
synchronous generator.
• Rotor: is of two types.
1. Squirrel Cage Rotor or simply cage rotor
2. Wound rotor

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7.1: Induction Motor Construction
• Squirrel Cage Rotor: In squirrel cage rotor series of conducting bars
are laid in the slots carved in to the face of rotor and shorted at
either end by large shortening rings.

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 7.1: Induction Motor Construction
• Wound Rotor: It has a complete set of three phase windings
that are mirror image of the windings on the stator. Three
phases are usually y-connected. The ends of rotor wires are
tied to slip rings on the rotor shaft. The rotor windings are
shorted through brushes riding on the slip rings.
 Rotor current can be examined and extra resistance can be
inserted into the rotor circuit.
• Wound rotor induction motors are expensive than the cage
rotor, and they require much more maintenance because of
the wear associated with their brushes and slip rings. As a
result, wound-rotor induction motors are rarely used.

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7.2: Basic Induction Motor Concepts
• When three phase set of voltages
are applied to stator, three
phase current flows in the stator
winding.
• A magnetic field BS is produced,
which is rotating counter clock
wise.
• The speed of magnetic field’s
rotation is given by: 120 f e
nsync 
P
• The rotating magnetic field
passes over the rotor bars and
eind  (v  B ).l
induces voltage in them.
• It is the relative motion of the rotor compared to the
stator magnetic field that produces induced voltage in the
rotor bar.
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The Development of Induced Torque

• The velocity of the upper rotor

bars relative to the magnetic
field is to the right, so the
induced voltage in the upper
bars is out of the page, while the
induced voltage in the lower bars
is into the page.
• This results in a current flow out
of the upper bars and into the
lower bars. Since the rotor
assembly is inductive, the peak
rotor current lags behind the
peak rotor voltage.
• The rotor current produces a
rotor magnetic field BR which
results in induced torque in the
machine:  ind  K BR  BS 7
The Development of Induced Torque

• The resulting torque is counter clockwise. Since the rotor

induced torque is counter clock wise, the rotor accelerates
in that direction. There is a finite upper limit to the motor’s
speed.
• If the induction motor rotor were running at synchronous
speed, then the rotor bars would be stationary relative to
the magnetic field and there would be no voltage induced.
• If eind were equal to zero, then there would be no rotor
current, and no rotor magnetic field, thus the induced
torque would be zero.
• Practically, as a result of friction and windage losses, an
induction motor can speed up to only near-synchronous
speed, but it can never exactly reach synchronous speed.
• In the normal operation both the rotor and stator magnetic
fields BR and BS rotate together at synchronous speed,
while the rotor itself turns at a slower speed. 8
Thank You