NANO TECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY
R. Chaitanya Vamsi
17L31A04L0
IV ECE SEM-2
ACADEMIC YEAR:2020-21

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

VIGNAN’S INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (A)
(Affiliated to JNTUK, Approved by AICTE & Accredited by NBA , NAAC with ‘A’ Grade)
(2017-2021)
 CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• What is NANOTECHNOLOGY ?
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• TOOLS &TECHNOLOGIES
 CARBON NANOTUBES
 NANOBOTS
• MATERIALS
• APPLICATIONS
 ELECTRONICS
 DRUGS
 ENVIRONMENT
 TEXTILE
 INTRODUCTION

• The word NANO means dwarf according to the Greeks that is nothing but very small’
• The nano indicates the one billionth of a meter i.e (1nm=10^-9).
• Where Technology is making use of knowledge of tools, machines and techniques inorder to solve the
problems in specific domain.
• According to NNI the size must 1 to 100 nm range inorder to consider it as nano technology.
• Nanotechnology is science and engineering at the scale of atoms and molecules. It is the manipulation and
use of materials and devices so tiny that nothing can be built any smaller.
• The greatest advances through nanotechnology will come in the form of novel medical devices and
processes, new catalysts for industry and smaller components for computers.
• Nanotechnology as defined by size is naturally broad, including fields
of science as diverse as surface science, organic chemistry,
molecular biology, semiconductor physics, energy storage,
engineering, microfabrication, and molecular engineering.
 What is NANO TECHNOLOGY ?
Nanotechnology refers to the constructing and engineering of the functional systems at very micro level or we
can say at atomic level.
 A Nanometer is one billionth of a meter, roughly the width of three or four atoms.
 In other words the Nanotechnology is the study, process and manipulation of a tool at molecular level i.e it
should be in the range 1 to 100 nm.
 Here are a few illustrative examples:
 There are 25,400,000 nanometers in an inch
 A sheet of newspaper is about 100,000 nanometers thick
 On a comparative scale, if a marble were a nanometer, then one meter
would be the size of the Earth.
 nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating
matter at this length scale.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 TOOLS & TECHNOLOGIES

 CARBON NANOTUBES :
• Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical large molecules consisting of a hexagonal arrangement of
hybridized carbon atoms, which may by formed by rolling up a single sheet of graphene (single-walled carbon
nanotubes, SWCNTs) or by rolling up multiple sheets of graphene (multiwalled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs).
 APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES :
• The carbon nanotubes are used in the drug delivery’
• Used in manufacturing light weight boats.
• Used to cure the cancer through penetrating the membrane of the cell walls.
• Used to make bullet proof vests.
 PROPERTIES PF CARBON NANOTUBES :
• CNTs have high thermal conductivity
• CNTs have high electrical conductivity
• CNTs have very high tensile strength
• CNTs have a low thermal expansion coefficient
• CNTs are good electron field emitters
 NANOBOTS:
 Nanorobotics describes the technology of producing machines or
robots at the nanoscale. 'Nanobot' is an informal term to refer to
engineered nano machines.
 Though currently hypothetical, nanorobots will advance many
fields through the manipulation of nano-sized objects.
 Nanobots are robots that carry out a very specific function
and are ~50–100 nm wide.
• They can be used very effectively for drug delivery.
• Normally, drugs work through the entire body before they reach
the disease-affected area.
• Nanorobotic Applications in the Field of Hematology. ...
• Nanorobotics Applications for Cancer Detection and Therapy.
• Nanorobotics Applications for Biohazard Defense.
 MATERIALS USED
• Zinc Oxide: dirt repellent, hydrophobic, cosmetics & stain resistant.
• Silver Ion: healing property
• Aluminium silicate: scratch resistance
• Gold Ion: chip fabrication, drug delivery

ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

NANO FABRICATION SILVER NANOPARTICLES

 APPLICATIONS
ELECTRONICS
carbon nano tubes are close to replacing silicon as a
material for making Smaller ,faster and more efficient microchips and
devices as well as lighter, more Conductive and stronger quantum nanowire.
Graphene properties make development in flexible touch screens.
THIN PCB DESIGN
Nanoelectronics holds significant promise for expanding the abilities of
electronics devices while reducing their size, weight and power requirements.
Display screens can be improved by cutting power requirements while
lowering the weight and density of displays.
SOME EXAMPLES :
Solar cells and supercapacitors are examples
of areas where nanoelectronics is playing a major role in energy
generation and storage.
To learn more read our detailed sections on Nanotechnology in Energy
and Graphene Nanotechnology in Energy.
CHIP FABRICATION
 DRUGS
• The nano technology delivers the drug to precisely the right
location in the body and releases the drug.
• The drug is attached to the nano carrier and after reaching the
tumor it release the drug and kills the tumor.
• The fig here shown is the future of the Nanotechnology this
capsule is camera which enters through mouth and passes through
the cells and monitors the damaged cell it is the easier way to detect any NANO BOTS
tumor.
• Nanotechnology drug delivery applications occur through the use of designed
nanomaterials as well as forming delivery systems from nanoscale molecules such as
liposomes.
• Applying nanotechnology to drug delivery should achieve the following benefits:
1. Improve the ability to deliver drugs that are poorly water soluble.
2. Provide site-specific targeting to reduce drug accumulation within healthy tissue.
3. Help retain the drug in the body long enough for effective treatment.
4. The extension of drug bioactivity through protection from the biological environment.
5. Allow for the transportation of drugs across epithelial and endothelial barriers. NANO CAMERA CAPSULE
6. Combine therapeutic and diagnostic modalities into one agent.
 Environment
Air purification with ions, wastewater purification with nanobubbles or
nanofiltration systems for heavy metals are some of its environmentally-
friendly applications.
Nanocatalysts are also available to make chemical reactions more efficient
and less polluting.

TEXTILE
Nanotechnology makes it possible to develop smart fabrics that
don't stain nor wrinkle, as well as stronger, lighterand more durable
materials to make .

NANO COATING ON FABRIC

 CONCLUSION
• As with all technologies, nanotechnology carries a significant potential for misuse and abuse on a scale
and scope never seen before. However, they also have potential to bring about significant benefits, such as
improved health, better use of natural resources, and reduced environmental pollution
• Nanotechnology is the term given to those areas of science and engineering where phenomena that take
place at dimensions in the nanometer scale are utilized in the design, characterization, production and
application of materials, structures, devices and systems.
• Nanotechnology is helping to considerably improve, even revolutionize, many technology and industry
sectors: information technology, homeland security, medicine, transportation, energy, food safety, and
environmental science, among many others.
• The benefits associated with nanotechnology include among others increase in yield and quality of
produce in agriculture, improved cosmetic products, directed delivery of medicines and sensor
applications.
• Major benefits of nanotechnology include improved manufacturing methods, water purification systems,
energy systems, physical enhancement, nanomedicine, better food production methods, nutrition and large-
scale infrastructure auto-fabrication.