Frequency Distribution Table

Prepared by: Elaine C. Ricohermoso, LPT

 TERMS
 Array
is an arrangement of the numerical data/values according to order of
magnitude either ascending or descending order.
 Frequency Distribution Table
is a condensed version of an array.
It categorizes the numerical data into intervals or classes.
 Classes
are mutually exclusive categories defining the lower limit and the upper
limit with equal intervals
 TERMS
 Class frequency
is the number of observations in each class.
 Class mark
class midpoint
Cumulative frequency
tells the sum of frequencies in a particular class of interest.
Relative frequency
tells the percentage of observations in a particular class of interest.
 Steps in Constructing a Frequency Distribution Table
1.   Make an array


2. Determine the range R of the numerical data.

R = | Highest value – Lowest value |
3. Determine the number of classes K to which the data are to be grouped using
the Sturge’s Approximation: (Round-up)
K = 1 + 3.322 Log N where N= total number of values to be grouped.
4. Determine the class size C. (Round-off)

5. Determine the lower limit of the first class.

6. Construct the class intervals and determine the class frequencies.
 Example
 Raw scores of 50 students in 200 item test.
144 112 156 122 168 172 141 159 127 154
156 145 134 137 123 149 144 160 136 139
142 138 159 151 147 150 126 152 147 136
135 132 146 133 150 122 139 149 152 129
131 155 116 140 145 135 160 125 172 163

1. Make an array
112 125 132 136 139 144 147 151 156 160
116 126 133 136 140 145 149 152 156 163
122 127 134 137 141 145 149 152 159 168
122 129 135 138 142 146 150 154 159 172
123 131 135 139 144 147 150 155 160 172
1. Make an array
112 125 132 136 139 144 147 151 156 160
116 126 133 136 140 145 149 152 156 163
122 127 134 137 141 145 149 152 159 168
122 129 135 138 142 146 150 154 159 172
123 131 135 139 144 147 150 155 160 172
2.
 Determine
  the Range R.
R = |172 – 112 | = 60
3. Determine the number of classes K using the Sturge’s Approximation: (Round-up)

= 1 + 3.322 log 50 = 6.64 7

4. Determine the class size C. (Round-off)

=
5. Determine the lower limit of the first class.
112
 112 125 132 136 139 144 147 151 156 160
116 126 133 136 140 145 149 152 156 163
2. R= 60
122 127 134 137 141 145 149 152 159 168 3. K = 7
122 129 135 138 142 146 150 154 159 172 4. C = 9
5. first lower limit is 112
123 131 135 139 144 147 150 155 160 172
Class Intervals Frequency Class Mark Class Boundary Relative Frequency <CF >CF

112 – 120 2

121 – 129 7

130 – 138 10

139 – 147 12

148 – 156 11

157 – 165 5

166 – 174 3

Total 50
Class Intervals Frequency Class Mark Class Boundary Relative Frequency <CF >CF

112-120 2 116

121-129 7 125

130-138 10 134

139-147 12 143

148-156 11 152

157-165 5 161

166-174 3 170
Total 50

  𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑖𝑡h 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠+𝑈𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑖𝑡h 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 =
2
 Class Intervals Frequency Class Mark Class Boundary Relative Frequency <CF >CF

112-120 2 116 111.5 – 120.5

121-129 7 125 120.5 – 129.5

130-138 10 134 129.5 – 138.5

139-147 12 143 138.5 – 147.5

148-156 11 152 147.5 – 156.5

157-165 5 161 156.5 – 165.5

166-174 3 170 165.5 – 174.5

Total 50

𝑠 𝐵𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦= ( 𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑖𝑡h 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 −0.5 ) −(𝑈𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑖𝑡h 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠+0.5)
 Class Intervals Frequency Class Mark Class Boundary Relative Frequency <CF >CF

112-120 2 116 111.5 – 120.5 4 2 50

121-129 7 125 120.5 – 129.5 14 9 48

130-138 10 134 129.5 – 138.5 20 19 41

139-147 12 143 138.5 – 147.5 24 31 31

148-156 11 152 147.5 – 156.5 22 42 19

157-165 5 161 156.5 – 165.5 10 47 8

166-174 3 170 165.5 – 174.5 6 50 3

Total 50 100

 Relative Frequency
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
 Descriptive Statistics
 Three methods of describing a set of values
a. measures of central tendency
b. measures of dispersion
c. measures of skewness and kurtosis
Measures of Central Tendency
 Measures of Central Tendency
 single number that represents the typical score of the data.
 are measures indicating the center of a set of data which are arranged in order of magnitude.
 Three measures of Central Tendency
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
A. Mean/Arithmetic Mean/Average
 the most popular and well known measure of central tendency
 The average value of all the data in the set
Mean for ungrouped data
  defined as the sum of all the scores or data divided by the number of scores in the data.
 denoted by a symbol “” for population mean and “” for sample mean.
Population mean  Sample mean

Where Where
Example:
  The items listed below represent the scores of seven BS Mathematics students during the final examination.
Compute the mean score
89, 75, 90, 85, 78, 87, 80

 Suppose BS Applied Mathematics has 10 students and the height (in cm) are as follows: 170, 165, 155, 160, 150,
149, 152, 161, 163, 175. Find the mean height of the students.
B. Median
 The middle score for a set of data arranged in order of magnitude.
 best used when data has several extreme entries.
Median for ungrouped data
  defined as the middle value when a set of observed values have been arranged in either ascending or
descending order.
 denoted by Md

If n is ODD

If n is EVEN
Example:
  The items listed below represent the scores of seven BS Mathematics students during the final examination.
Compute the median score
89, 75, 90, 85, 78, 87, 80
75 78 80 85 87 89 90
n=7

Md = 85
Example:
  Suppose BS Applied Mathematics has 10 students and the height (in cm) are as follows: 170, 165, 155, 160, 150,
149, 152, 161, 163, 175. Find the median height of the students.
149 150 152 155 160 161 163 165 170 175
n = 10
C. Mode
 The most frequent score in the data set
 The most popular option
Mode for ungrouped data
 The mode is a value which occurs most often or the most frequently occurring observation
 Denoted by Mo
Example:
 Consider the data set 1 2 2 2 8 1 4 10
Mo = 2
Since there is only one mode, then the distribution is Unimodal
 Consider the data set 1 2 2 8 1 4 10
Mo = 1, 2
Bimodal
 Consider the data set 1 2 3 8 6 4 10
This data has no mode
GROUPED DATA
Mean
  
where:
Median
  
where:
Mode
  
where:
 Class Intervals Relative Frequency <CF >CF

18-26 2 22

27-35 1 31

36-44 15 40

45-53 5 49

54-62 8 58

63-71 6 67

72-80 3 76
Total 40

 
𝑋 =
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖
𝐺
𝑛
 Class Intervals 𝑓  𝑖 𝑥 𝑖 Relative Frequency <CF >CF

18-26 2 22 44

27-35 1 31 31

36-44 15 40 600

45-53 5 49 245

54-62 8 58 464

63-71 6 67 402

72-80 3 76 228
Total 40

 
𝑋𝐺=
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥 𝑖   2014
¿
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖=2014
 

𝑛 40  50.35
 Class Intervals 𝑓  𝑖 𝑥 𝑖 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
  𝐵𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦  ¿ 𝑐𝑓
18-26 2 22 44  17.5 −26.5 2

27-35 1 31 31  2 6.5− 35.5 3

36-44 15 40 600  3 5.5− 44.5 18

45-53 5 49 245  44.5 −53.5 23 Median Class

54-62 8 58 464  53.5 −62.5 31

63-71 6 67 402  62.5 −71.5 37

72-80 3 76 228  71.5 −80.5 40

Total 40
 
𝑀𝑑 𝐺 = 𝐿𝐶𝐵 𝑚𝑑 + 𝑐 [ (
𝑛
2
) − 𝐶𝐹 𝑏

𝑓 𝑚𝑑 ] ∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖=2014
 

Median Class : 
 𝑛 40
2
¿  ¿  20
2
 Class Intervals 𝑓  𝑖 𝑥 𝑖 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
  𝐵𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦  ¿ 𝑐𝑓
18-26 2 22 44  17.5 −26.5 2

27-35 1 31 31  2 6.5− 35.5 3

36-44 15 40 600  3 5.5− 44.5 18

45-53 5 49 245  44.5 −53.5 23 Median Class

54-62 8 58 464  53.5 −62.5 31

63-71 6 67 402  62.5 −71.5 37

72-80 3 76 228  71.5 −80.5 40

Total 40 40
  𝑛
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖=2014
   
[ (
2
) − 18
]
𝑀𝑑 𝐺 =𝐿𝐶𝐵 𝑚𝑑 + 𝑐
2
𝑓 𝑚𝑑 [
( ) −¿ 𝐶𝐹 𝑏

Median Class : 
] 𝐿𝐶𝐵 𝑚𝑑=44.5𝐶𝐹
 

n   
c 

𝑏 =18
𝑀𝑑 𝐺 = 44.5+9

 
5

 𝑛 40  𝑓
2
¿  ¿  20 𝑚𝑑 =5
2
 Class Intervals 𝑓  𝑖 𝑥 𝑖 Class Boundary <cf

18-26 2 22 44  17.5 −26.5 2

27-35 1 31 31  2 6.5− 35.5 3

36-44 15 40 600  3 5.5− 44.5 18 Modal Class

45-53 5 49 245  44.5 −53.5 23 Median Class

54-62 8 58 464  53.5 −62.5 31

63-71 6 67 402  62.5 −71.5 37

72-80 3 76 228  71.5 −80.5 40

Total 40

𝑜𝐺 = 𝐿𝐶𝐵 𝑚𝑜+ 𝑐
𝑓 𝑚𝑜 − 𝑓 𝑏
[
2 𝑓 𝑚𝑜 − 𝑓 𝑎 − 𝑓 𝑏 ] ∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖=2014
 

Modal Class : 
 Class Intervals 𝑓  𝑖 𝑥 𝑖 Class Boundary <cf

18-26 2 22 44  17.5 −26.5 2

27-35 1 31 31  2 6.5− 35.5 3

36-44 15 40 600  3 5.5− 44.5 18 Modal Class

45-53 5 49 245  44.5 −53.5 23 Median Class

54-62 8 58 464  53.5 −62.5 31

63-71 6 67 402  62.5 −71.5 37

72-80 3 76 228  71.5 −80.5 40

Total 40 15 −1
𝑜𝐺 = 𝐿𝐶𝐵 𝑚𝑜+ 𝑐
𝑓 𝑚𝑜 − 𝑓 𝑏
[ ] 𝐿𝐶𝐵 𝑚0=35.5
2 𝑓 𝑚𝑜 − 𝑓 𝑎 − 𝑓 𝑏  
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖=2014
 

c 
 
𝑀𝑜𝐺 =35.5+ 9
[ 2 ( 15 ) −5 −1 ]
 
Modal Class :  𝑓  𝑚𝑜=15  𝑓 𝑏 =1
 𝑓 𝑎=5
Thank you for listening 