FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE (FDT)

Frequency Distribution Table is a systematic way of presenting data using a table.

The data are group into different intervals or number of classes assigned by the
researcher. Usually, the ideal number of classes is from 5 to 20 only.
Steps in Constructing a Frequency Distribution Table

1. Determine the range (R) of the numerical data.

𝑹 = |𝑯𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 − 𝑳𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆|

2. Determine the number of classes (K) to which the data are to be grouped using
Sturges’ Approximation:
𝑲 = 𝟏 + 𝟑. 𝟑𝟐𝟐𝑳𝒐𝒈𝑵

where N = total number of values to be grouped.

3. Determine the class size (C).

𝑪 = 𝑹/𝑲

4. Determine the lower limit of the first class.

Note: There is no fixed rule in determining the lower limit of the first class.
For the purpose of uniform result, the lowest value in the data set should be
the lower limit of the first class.

5. Construct the class intervals and determine the class frequencies.

Remarks:
1. Sturge’s Approximation is just guide and a flexible rule.
2. The number of classes should be large enough to demonstrate the major
characteristics of the data yet not so large as to result in losing the advantage
of summarizing raw data. For instance, where the highest observed value fails
to be included in the last class constructed, the number of classes should not
be increased just to accommodate the highest value increase the class size.
3. The number of classes is usually taken between 5 to 20 depending nature of
the data without using the Strrges, Approximation.
4. Class intervals are chosen so that the class marks coincide with the actual
observed data. However, class boundaries should not coincide with actual
observed data.
Example:
Raw score of 50 students in 200 item test.
144 112 156 122 168 172 141 159 127 154
156 145 134 137 123 149 144 160 136 139
142 138 159 151 147 150 126 152 147 136
135 132 146 133 150 122 139 149 152 129
131 155 116 140 145 135 160 125 172 163

1. 𝑅 = 𝐻𝑉 − 𝐿𝑉
= 172 − 112
= 60
2. 𝐾 = 1 + 3.322 log(50)
= 6.643978 ≈ 7
60
3. 𝐶 =
7
= 8.571428571 ≈9
4. The lower limit is 112
5. Construct the FDT.

CLASS CLASS CLASS RELATIVE

FREQUENCY <CF >CF
INTERVAL MARK BOUNDARY FREQUENCY
112-120 2 116 111.5 – 120.5 4 2 50
121-129 7 125 120.5 – 129.5 14 9 48
130-138 10 134 129.5 – 138.5 20 19 41
139-147 12 143 138.5 – 147.5 24 31 31
148-156 11 152 147.5 – 156.5 22 42 19
157-165 5 161 156.5 – 165.5 10 47 8
166-174 3 170 165.5 – 174.5 6 50 3
Total 50 100

ACTIVITY 1. Construct Frequency Distribution Table (FDT) base on the data below.

The advance algebra class of Miss. Dela Cruz took an achievement test. The results
are shown below:
 84 75 76 83 82 76 88 77 90 86
80 81 82 89 78 79 89 84 80 81
86 84 90 79 85 81 79 78 79 81
82 92 86 82 78 87 90 83 93 84
QUIZ. Construct Frequency Distribution Table (FDT) base on the data below.

31 35 80 63 50 75 71 55 40 60
46 74 63 59 41 45 49 36 78 42
54 62 81 46 41 50 44 76 68 53
40 70 53 46 51 39 52 83 65 71
30 73 70 74 37 75 41 79 55 52

ASSIGNMENT. Construct Frequency Distribution Table (FDT) base on the data below.

Below are the mathematics grades of 30 Grade 7 students in the last quarter
78 98 76 89 89 83
87 75 72 91 90 79
84 84 85 88 87 95
96 95 96 96 76 80
96 95 96 76 96 80
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

- It is the center of the concentration of scores; a single number which describes the
totality of the set of data collected

1. MEAN (Average)
- Most popular and well known measure of central tendency
- Computed by summing all the values of the variable in the data set divided by the
number of observations or data entry.
- Denoted by "𝜇” mew and “𝑥̅” x bar

2. MEDIAN
- The middle score for a set of data arranged in ascending or descending order of
magnitude.
- Denoted by “Md”

3. MODE
- most frequent score in the data set.
- Denoted by “Mo”
Types of Mode
a. No mode- no repeating data entry
b. Unimodal- a data which has one mode
c. Bimodal- a data having two modes
d. Multimodal- a data having three or more modes
UNGROUPED DATA
Mean

Sample Mean ∑ 𝒙𝒊
̅=
𝒙 𝒏

Where: 𝑥̅ – sample mean

𝑥 𝑖 - 𝑖 𝑡ℎ observed value in
the sample
 ∑ - sum of all values
n – total number of data
entry

Population Mean ∑ 𝑋𝑖
𝜇=
𝑁
Where: 𝜇 – population mean
𝑋𝑖 - 𝑖 𝑡ℎ observed value in
the population
∑ - sum of all values
N – total number of data
entry

Examples:
1. The items listed below represent the scores of seven BS Applied Statistics
students during the final examination. Compute the mean score.
89, 75, 90, 85, 78, 87, and 80
∑ 𝑥𝑖 89+75+90+85+78+87+80 584
𝑥̅ = = = = 83.43
𝑛 7 7

2. Suppose BS Applied Math program has 10 students and the height (in cm) are as
follows: 170, 165, 155, 160, 150, 149, 152, 161, 163, 175. Find the mean height of
the students.
∑ 𝑋𝑖 170+165+155+160+150+149+152+161+163+175 1600
.𝜇 = = = = 160𝑐𝑚
𝑁 10 10

Median:
if N is odd 𝑀𝑑 = 𝑋 𝑁+1
( 2 )
Where N is the total number of data entry

if N is even 𝑋 𝑁 +𝑋 𝑁
(2 ) ( 2 +1)
𝑀𝑑 =
2
Where N is the total number of data entry

Examples:
1. The items listed below represent the scores of seven graduate students during
final examination. Compute the median score. 89, 75, 90, 85, 78, 87, 80.

- Arrange the data in ascending or descending order.

 - 𝑋1 = 75, 𝑋2 = 78, 𝑋3 = 80, 𝑋4 = 85, 𝑋5 = 87, 𝑋6 = 89, 𝑋7 = 90

- Since N is equal to 7 and seven is an odd number, we will use this formula in
finding the median.
- 𝑀𝑑 = 𝑋(𝑁+1) = 𝑋(7+1) = 𝑋(8) = 𝑋4 = 85
2 2 2

2. Suppose MA Math program has 10 graduate students and the height (in cm) are
as follows: 170, 165, 155, 160, 150, 149, 152, 161, 163, 175. Find the median
height of the graduate students.

- Again, arrange the data in either ascending or descending order.

- 𝑋1 = 149, 𝑋2 = 150, 𝑋3 = 152, 𝑋4 = 155, 𝑋5 = 160, 𝑋6 = 161, 𝑋7 = 163
- 𝑋8 = 165, 𝑋9 = 170, 𝑋10 = 175

- Since N is equal to 10 and 10 is an even number, then we will use this formula in
finding the median.
𝑋 𝑁 +𝑋 𝑁 𝑋 10 + 𝑋 10
( )
2
( +1)
2
( )
2
( +1)
2 𝑋5 +𝑋(5+1) 𝑋5 +𝑋6
- 𝑀𝑑 = 2
= 2
= 2
= 2
- Substitute the value of 𝑋5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋6
160+161 321
- 𝑀𝑑 = = = 160.5𝑐𝑚
2 2

Mode

We are going to identify the mode and its type.

Examples:
1. Consider the data set 1, 2, 2, 2, 8, 1, 4, 10.
The most frequently occurring data entry is 2 which appeared thrice.
Therefore, the mode is 2, and since there is only one mode, it is unimodal.

2. Suppose BS Applied Statistics has 10 students and the height (in cm) are as
follows: 170, 165, 155, 160, 150, 149, 152, 161, 163, 175.
As you can notice, all the data entry appeared only once.
Therefore, there is no mode.

3. The data given below is the number of candies 11 children bought from a candy
store. 4, 3, 4, 8, 2, 1, 10, 5, 4, 8, 8.
The most frequently occurring data entry are 4 and 8, which both appeared thrice.
The modes are 4 and 8, since the given has 2 modes, therefore, it is bimodal.
4. Suppose there are 15 members in a small organization and listed below are the
number of the tasks each has accomplished in a week. 1, 3, 5, 3, 4, 2, 1, 5, 6, 7,
10, 8, 2, 9, 7.
The most frequently occurring data entry are 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7, which appeared
twice.
The modes are 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, since the given has 5 modes, therefore, it is
multimodal.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dE1zDbFAbQ (Check out this link)