Topic name

Changing gender role

 Present by
 Rani panhwar
 Abdul raheem
 Assigned by
 Madam Almas ghaffar

 DATE:16/3/2011
 OBJECTIVES:
1~ What is GENDER?
2~ Gender Roles.
3~Geder Stereotype.
4~Social Construction of
Gender Differences.
5~Gender Changes.
 What is gender?
 Gender has several definitions. It usually
refers to a set of characteristics that are
considered to distinguish between male
and female, reflect one's biological sex, or
reflect one's gender identity. It is one's
internal, personal sense of being
masculine (male), or feminine (female).
 Gender roles
 It refers to the set of social and behavioral
norms that are considered to be socially
appropriate for individuals of a specific sex
in the context of a specific culture, which
differ widely between cultures and over
time. There are differences of opinion as
to whether observed gender differences in
behavior and personality characteristics.
 Views on gender-based differentiation in the
workplace and in interpersonal relationships
have often undergone profound changes
because of feminist and/or economic
influences, but there are still considerable
differences in gender roles in almost all
societies. It is also true that in times of
necessity, such as during a war or other
emergency, women are permitted to perform
functions which in "normal" times would be
considered a male role, or vice versa.
 . The physical specialization of the sexes is
considered the distal cause of the gender roles.
Men’s unique physical advantages in term of body
size and upper body strength provided them an edge
over women in those social activities that demanded
such physical attributes such as hunting, herding
and warfare. On the other hand, women’s biological
capacity for reproduction and childbearing is
proposed to explain their limited involvement in
other social activities. Such divided activity
arrangement for the purpose of achieving activity-
efficiency led to the division of labor between sexes.
 Gender Stereotypes
 Widely held beliefs that people have a
certain characteristics because of their
members
 hip in a particular group
Women

are more Men are more obsessed


emotionally expressive. with sex.

Women

are more Men are overwhelmed


emotionally responsive. by women's expressions

of emotion.

Women are more Men express more anger

empathetic

Women

are more Men show emotion to
sensitive to others' communicate dominance
feelings.
Women are more obsessed
with having children
Women express their feelings
without constraint, except for
the emotion of anger
Women pay more attention to


body language.

Women judge emotions from

nonverbal communication
better than men do
Women express more love,


fear, and sadness.

Women laugh, gaze, and smile



more.
Women anticipate negative
consequences for expressing
 Social Construction of Gender
Difference:
 This perspective proposes that gender
difference is socially constructed.
Social constructions of gender moves away from
socialization as the origin of gender differences;
people do not merely internalize gender roles as
they grow up but they respond to changing
norms in society. Children learn to categorize
themselves by gender very early on in life. Boys
learn to manipulate their physical and social
environment through physical strength or other
skills, while girls learn to present themselves as
objects to be viewed.
 Changing roles

 A person's gender role is composed of

several elements and can be expressed
through clothing, behavior, choice of work,
personal relationships and other factors.
These elements are not concrete and
have evolved through time (for example
women's trousers).
 Traditionally only feminine and masculine
gender roles existed, however, over time
many different acceptable male or female
gender roles have emerged. An individual
can either identify themselves with a
subculture or social group which results in
them having diverse gender roles.
Historically, for example, eunuchs had a
different gender role because their biology
was changed.
 Women take on many roles that were traditionally
reserved for men, as well as behaviors and fashions,
which may cause pressure on many men to be more
masculine and thus confined within an even smaller
gender role, while other men react against this pressure.
For example, men's fashions have become more
restrictive than in other eras, while women's fashions
have become more broad. One consequence of social
unrest during the Vietnam War era was that men began
to let their hair grow to a length that had previously
(within recent history) been considered appropriate only
for women. Somewhat earlier, women had begun to cut
their hair to lengths previously considered appropriate
only to men.
 REFERENCE:
 www.wikepedia.com
Thanks YOU