ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

(ANOVA)
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)

It is a technique that uses F test to

test the hypothesis concerning the
means of three or more populations.
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)

Between-group variance – involves

computing the variance by using the
means of the groups or between the
groups.
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)

Within-group variance – involves

computing the variance using all the
data. It is not affected by the
differences in the means.
 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)

Ho:
Ha: At least one mean is different
  

from the others.

 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)

If there is no difference in the means, the

between-group variance estimate will
approximately be equal to the within-group
variance estimate, and the F test value will be
approximately equal to 1.
 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)

When the means differ significantly, the

between-group variance will be much larger
than the within-group variance. Then the f-
test value will be significantly greater than 1.
Then the null hypothesis will be rejected.
DEGREES OF FREEDOM FOR F TEST

d.f.N = k – 1
d.f.D = n – k
 F TEST STATISTIC

𝑀𝑆𝐵
  

𝐹=
𝑀𝑆𝑊
TO CALCULATE MSB AND MSW…

SST = SSB + SSW

 BETWEEN SAMPLES SUM OF SQUARES (SSB)

2 2 2 2
𝑇 𝑇 𝑇 (∑ 𝑥)
(
𝑆𝑆𝐵= + +…+ −
  

𝑛 1 𝑛2 𝑛𝑘
1
𝑛
2 𝑘
)
 WITHIN SAMPLES SUM OF SQUARES (SSW)

2 2 2
𝑇 𝑇 𝑇
2
𝑆𝑆𝑊 =∑ 𝑥 − + +…+
  

𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑛𝑘 ( 1 2 𝑘
)
 VARIANCE BETWEEN SAMPLES (MSB)

𝑆𝑆𝐵
  

𝑀𝑆𝐵=
𝑘 −1
 VARIANCE WITHIN SAMPLES (MSW)

𝑆𝑆𝑊
  

𝑀𝑆𝑊 =
𝑛−𝑘
 ANOVA TABLE

Sources Degrees
Sum of Mean F-test
of of
Squares Square Statistic
Variation Freedom
Between
Between kk –– 11 SSB
SSB MSB
MSB
Within
Within nn –– kk SSW
SSW MSW
MSW
Total n–1 SST
Total n–1 SST
1. State the Ho and Ha
2. State the level of significance
3. State the decision rule
4. Computation
-Calculate .
-Solve for SSB and SSW
  

-Compute MSB and MSW

- Find the F test statistic
5. Make an ANOVA table for presentation.
6. State your conclusion.
 EXAMPLE

Consider the following data obtained for two samples selected at

random from two populations that are independent and normally
distributed with equal variances. At 0.05 level of significance,
test the claim that the two populations have equal means.
A B
32 27
26 37
31 33
29 36
27 38
34 31