MĐQH xác định MĐQH không xác định

Là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng - Là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin về người hoặc
trước nó,cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu; không có nó vật, không có nó thì câu vẫn đủ nghĩa.
câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa.

Ví dụ: Do you know the name of the man who came Ví dụ:  Miss Hoa, who taught me English, has just got
here yesterday? married.
➨ không có dấu phẩy và có thể rút gọn và có dung “ ➨ có dấu phẩy, không thể rút gọn và không được
that” dùng “that”

➨ Dấu hiệu:

• Danh từ riêng

• Tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their)

• Danh từ đi với this, that, these, those

 Thay cho chủ ngữ chỉ người There is a man. He offered me the job.
Who
N (person) + who + V => There is a man who offered me the job.

Thay cho tân ngữ chỉ người The girl is really beautiful. He is dating her.
Whom
N (person) + whom + S + V => The girl whom John is dating is really beautiful.

Thay cho chủ ngữ/ tân ngữ chỉ vật I have just bought a car. It has suddenly broken down

Which N (thing) + which + V + O => I have just bought a car which has suddenly broken down
N (thing) + which + S + V Þ The car which I have just bought has suddenly broken
down.

Thay cho mệnh đề He has just bought a car, which surprises everyone
 Trong MĐQH xác định
The girl who/ that John is dating is really beautiful.
That (1) who, whom, which => that
She talked about the people and places that she had visited.
(2) tập hợp người và vật.
He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.
(3) so sánh nhất.
It was the first time that I heard of it.
(4) the only, the first, the last
 I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
(5) sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại
từ chỉ số lượng: nobody, anything, somewhere,
all, some, any, none
Peter, that I played tennis with, was fitter than me
(*) Không dung that trong MĐQH không xác
định và khi nó đứng sau giới từ. => Peter, whom I played tennis, was fitter than me
The man with that I played with was fitter than me

Þ The man whom I played with was fitter than me

Þ The man that I played with was fitter than me
 Sở hữu This is George. His brother went to school with me.

Whose Thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, => This is George, whose brother went to school with me.
hoặc N‘s
N (person, thing) + whose + N + V

Lý do I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school.

Why
N (reason) + why + S + V
Where
Địa điểm We stayed at a hotel. It wasn’t very clean.
N (place) + where + S + V …. Þ The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
(where = on / in / at + which) Þ (*) We stayed at a hotel which wasn’t very clean.

Thời gian Do you still remember the day when we first met?

When N (time) + when + S + V …

(when = on / in / at + which)
Rút gọn MĐQH xác định

• Có thể lược bỏ whom/which khi theo sau là mệnh đề S + V

The car (which) I have just bought has suddenly broken down

I have just bought a car which has suddenly broken down X

• Chủ động => Ving

The man who is standing over there is my father.

→ The man standing over there is my father.

The couple who live next door to me are professors.

→ The couple living next door to me are professors.

• Bị động => V3/ed

The book which was bought by my mother is interesting.

→ The book bought by my mother is interesting.

Rút gọn MĐQH xác định

The only, the first, the last, the second, the next + N + to V
So sánh nhất + N + to V

John is the only person who understands me.

→ John is the only person to understand me.

Tom is the most handsome boy who came to this school.

→ Tom is the most handsome boy to come to this school.

Jack is the first student who has handed in the exam.

→ Jack is the first person to have handed in the exam.
• https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/defining-relative-clauses-who-which-that-where/
• https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/defining-and-non-defining-relative-clauses/
• https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/relative-clauses/
• https://kenhtuyensinh.vn/bai-tap-menh-de-quan-he-relative-clauses-co-dap-an (viết)