Who Thay cho danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ The girl who wears a white shirt is

 N (person) + WHO + V + O my sister.

(Cô gái mặc chiếc áo sơ mi trắng là
chị của tôi.)

Whom Thay cho danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ The man whom you mentioned is
 N (person) + WHOM + S + V here. (Người đàn ông bạn đề cập
đang ở đây.)

Which Thay cho danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân
ngữ
 N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
 N (thing) + WHICH + S + V
This is the book which you
wanted. (Đây là cuốn sách bạn
muốn.)
I don’t like stories which have
unhappy endings. (Tôi không thích
những câu chuyện mà có kết thúc
không hạnh phúc.)

That Thay cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật This is the car that you
Có thể thay thế cho who/ whom/ which trong wanted. (Đây là chiếc xe bạn
mệnh đề hạn định. muốn.)

 N (person/ thing) + THAT + V + O The man that lives next door is very
 N (person/ thing) + THAT + S + V + O friendly. (Người đàn ông mà kế bên
nhà tôi thì rất là thân thiện.)

Whose Dùng để chỉ sự sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người The man whose book is Peter.
hoặc vật (Người sở hữu cuốn sách này là
 N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V Peter.)

Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng ngay trước nó.

Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses):

- Bắt buộc phải có trong câu, nếu bỏ đi câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa
- Không có dấu phẩy
Ex: I helped the man who lost money yesterday. (Tôi đã giúp đỡ người đàn ông bị mất tiền vào hôm
qua.)
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non-defining relative clauses):
- Mang thông tin phụ, cung cấp thông tin về 1 người hoặc vật đã đươc xác định
- Có dấu phẩy
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thường dùng trong câu có:
 Danh từ riêng
Ex: My uncle Tom, who lives in Hue, is an architect. (Chú tôi Tom người mà sống ở Huế là
một kiến trúc sư.)
 Có “this, that, these, those, over there”
Ex: This car, which you are going to buy, is very good. (Chiếc xe hơi này mà bạn dự định
mua nó rất là tốt.)
  Có tính từ sở hữu (my, your, his, her, our, their, its)
Ex: My father, who is sitting there, is an engineer. (Ba của tôi người đang ngồi ở đây là một
kỹ sư.)
Exercise
1. Do you know the boy? He’s standing by the window.
→ The boy
2. Peter felt sleepy. He couldn’t hear anything.
→ Peter
3. The actor comes from England. He played that role.
→ The actor
4. I admire a man. He tries to maintain high ideas.
→ I admire a man
5. That man has been arrested. He robbed you.
→ That man
6. The boys are walking together. They’re brothers.
→ The boys
7. The girl is Alice. She’s reading a magazine.
→ The girl
8. The man helped me with the work. He’s rather tall.
→ The man
9. Boys attend this school. They have to wear uniform.
→ Boys
10. Where is the librarian? She takes care of this library.
→ The librarian
11. I don’t like stories. They have an unhappy ending.
→ I don’t like stories
12. The road was very narrow. It joined the two villages.
→ The road
13. We visited Hanoi. It’s a city in the north Vietnam.
→ We
14. Most of the goods are exported. They were made in this factory.
→ Most of the goods
15. Is the river very large? It flows through that town.
→ The river
16. This is the package. It came in the mail.
→ This is
17. Those are the flowers. They were cut from Mary’s garden.
→ Those are
18. The letter was written in a hurry. It was difficult to read.
→ The letter
19. The play was very excellent. It was written by Shakespeare.
→ The play
20. The books were very expensive. They were borrowed from the teachers.
→ The books
21. I thanked the woman. She helped me.
→I
22. The girl is happy. She won the race.
→ The girl
23. The book is mine. The book is on the table.
→ The book
24. I’m using a sentence. It contains an adjective clause.
→ I’m
25. The building belongs to my father. It was built on the side of a hill.
→ The building
26. The scientist is well-known for his research. He met you yesterday.
→ The scientist
27. The mechanic is my uncle. He’s repairing my bike.
→ The mechanic
28. The students explained their absence to the teacher. They didn’t come to class.
→ The students
29. Miss Loan thanked the students. The students had given her some flowers.
→ Miss Loan
30. The river is not safe for swimming. The river is polluted.
→ The river
31. Family members try to be together at Tet. They live apart.
→ Family members
32. The student is from China. He sits next to me,
→ The student
33. He is the man. He was helped last night.
→ He
34. The boy is now a famous player. He used to live next door.
→ The boy
35. The old man has just died. He lives next to my house.
→ The old man
 36. The librarian is Peter’s sister. I met her at the gate.
→ The librarian
37. I know the boy. She is waiting for him.
→I
38. The people were friendly. We met them at the party.
→ The people
39. The man has just left. You want to meet him.
→ The man
40. The woman is my aunt. You saw her yesterday.
→ The woman
41. The book is a love story. It is lying on the table.
→ The book
42. People in Israel are going to celebrate their festival. It is called Passover.
→ People
43. Tet is a festival. It occurs in late January or early February.
→ Tet
44. We all like sticky rice cakes. They are special Vietnamese food for the New Year.
→ We
45. The chair is broken. I bought it yesterday.
→ The chair
46. John found a cat. Its tail is black.
→ John
47. The nurse will go to our class. Her son is very intelligent.
→ The nurse
48. The old man is my grandfather. He lives next door.
→ The old man
49. My uncle Tam lives in Hai Phong. He will visit our family next week.
→ My uncle Tam
50. The building has now been rebuilt. It was destroyed in the fire.
→ The building

Hard:
51. The woman is a famous singer. I often go to school with her daughter.
→ The woman
52. We borrowed science books from this public library.
→ This is the library
53. You had dinner with the girl last night. She has gone now.
→ The girl
54. I have forgotten that poet’s name, but he is very famous.
→ That poet,
55. This important book consists of a list of endangered animals.
→ This book
56. My mother cooked a meal yesterday. It was very delicious.
→ The meal
57. Marie Curie was a great scientist. She made a lot of discoveries in chemistry.
→ Marie Curie
58. Mrs. White is a responsible nurse. She takes good care of her patients.
→ Mrs. White
59. The customers often buy the products of our company. They like our thoughtful service.
→ The customers
60. The girl and her cats are lovely. They are being painted in the picture by Jack.
→ The girl and her cats