MANAJEMEN RISIKO K3

MANAGE RISK, WHY?

HAZARD HAZARD
RISK HAZARD
RISK HAZARD
RISK
ACCIDENT ACCIDENT
LOSS
MANAGE RISK, WHY?

HAZARD HAZARD
RISK HAZARD
RISK HAZARD
RISK
ACCIDENT ACCIDENT
LOSS

SAFE
RISK &
MANAGEMENT HEALTH
Y
MANAGE RISK, HOW?

 The Australian and New Zealand Standard on Risk Management (AS/NZS 3460:1995)

 The Australian and New Zealand Standard on Risk Management (AS/NZS 3460:1999)

 The Australian and New Zealand Standard on Risk Management (AS/NZS 3460:2004)

 Joint Australian New Zealand International Standard on Risk Management

(ISO 31000:2009)
Risk Coordinated activities to direct
and control an organization with
Management regard to risk
(ISO 31000 : 2009)
 Manajemen risiko K3 adalah suatu upaya
mengelola risiko K3 untuk mencegah
Manajemen terjadinya kecelakaan yang tidak

Risiko K3 diinginkan secara komprehensif, terencana

dan terstruktur dalam suatu kesisteman
(Soehatman Ramli, 2010)
yang baik.
MANAGE RISK, WHEN?

 Now, if you have not done it before

 When any new work is planned including laboratory/workshop/course

work

 When a significant change occurs

 After an incident

 At regular predetermined intervals

 Systematic application of management

Risk policies, procedures and practices to

Management the activities of communicating,

consulting, establishing the context, and
Process identifying, analyzing, evaluating,
(ISO 31000 : 2009)
treating, monitoring and reviewing risk.
RISK
MANAGEME
NT PROCESS
(ISO 31000 : 2009)
RISK
MANAGEME
NT PROCESS
(in detail)
(AS/ANZ 4360 : 2004)
1. Establishing Context

The organization articulates its objectives, defines the external and

internal parameters to be taken into account when managing risk, and
sets the scope and risk criteria for the remaining process.

External Context Internal Context

The external context is the Internal context is anything

external environment in which within the organization that can
the organization seeks to influence the way in which an
achieve its objectives organization will manage risk.
2. Risk Assessment

Hazard & Risk

Identification

Risk Analysis

Risk Evaluation
Hazard and Risk Identification

Identifikasi bahaya dan risiko adalah proses untuk

menjawab pertanyaan apa potensi bahaya yang dapat
terjadi atau menimpa organisasi atau perusahaan, kapan
akan terjadi, dimana dapat terjadi, mengapa terjadi dan
bagaimana terjadinya.
Identify Hazard and Risk...
Hazard and Risk Identification

 Pasif

Bahaya dapat dikenal dengan mudah jika kita telah mengalami risikonya sendiri secara
langsung.

 Semi proaktif

Mengenali bahaya dari kecelakaan yang pernah terjadi sebelumnya (laporan

kecelakaan, pengalaman orang lain, dsb)

 Proaktif

Mencari bahaya sebelum bahaya tersebut menimbulkan akibat atau dampak yang
merugikan.
Hazard and Risk Identification

 Identifikasi bahaya harus sejalan dan relevan dengan aktivitas perusahaan

 Identifikasi bahaya harus dinamis dan selalu mempertimbangkan adanya teknologi dan
ilmu terbaru.

 Keterlibatan semua pihak dalam proses identifikasi bahaya

 Ketersediaan metode, peralatan, referensi, data dan dokumen untuk mendukung

kegiatan identifikasi bahaya

 Akses terhadap regulasi yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas perusahaan

Risk Analysis

Analisis risiko adalah proses untuk menentukan besarnya suatu risiko yang dicermikan dari
kemungkinan dan keparahan yang ditimbulkan.

Risiko yang merupakan kombinasi antara kemungkinan terjadinya (likelihood atau probability) dan
tingkat keparahan apabila risiko tersebut terjadi (severity atau consequences)

Risk = (likelihood/probability) x (consequence/severity)

Consequence= What can go wrong ?

Probability = How likely is it ?

 Risk Analysis
Measure of Consequences Measures of Likelihood
Level Descriptor Example detail description Level Descriptor Description
1 Insignificant No injuries, low financial loss
A Almost In expected to occur in most
2 Minor First aid treatment, on-site release certain circumstances
immediately contained, medium B Likely Will probably occur in most
financial loss circumstances
3 Moderate Medical treatment required, on-site
release contained with outside C Possible Might occur in some time
assistance, high financial loss

4 Major Extensive injuries, loss of production

capability, off-site release with no D Unlikely Could occur at some time
detrimental effects, major financial
loss
5 Catastrophic Death, toxic release off-site with
E Rare May occur only in exceptional
detrimental effect, huge financial loss
circumstances

(AS/ANZ 4360 :
 Risk Matrix – Level of Risk

Consequences
Likelihood Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
1 2 3 4 5

A (Almost certain) H H E E E

B (Likely) M H H E E

C (moderate) L M H E E

D (unlikely) L L M H E

E (rare) L L M H H

E : Extreme risk; immediate action required

H : high risk; senior management attention needed
M : moderate risk ; management responsibility must be specified
L : low risk; manage by routine procedures

(AS/ANZ 4360 :
Risk

Total Risk = worst case scenario, without considering existing program or

reliability

Residual Risk = Total Risk – Existing program (reliability)

Risk Evaluation

The purpose of risk evaluation is to assist in making decisions, based on the outcomes of risk
analysis, about which risks need treatment and the priority for treatment implementation.

Risk evaluation involves comparing the level of risk found during the analysis process with risk
criteria established when the context was considered. Based on this comparison, the need for
treatment can be considered.

Decisions should take account of the wider context of the risk and include consideration of the
tolerance of the risks borne by parties other than the organization that benefits from the risk.

Decisions should be made in accordance with legal, regulatory and other requirements
(ISO 31000 : 2009)
 ALARP Concept

Generally intolerable Risk cannot be justified

High Except in extraordinary
Risk
circumstances

Basic Safety Limit

ALARP or Tolerable Reduce risk until it reaches

acceptable region.
As Low As Reasobaly Practicable
Residual risk tolerable only if
further risk reduction is
impracticable

Basic Safety Objective

Broadly Acceptable Risk reducation not likely to be

required as resources likely to
be grossly disproportionate to
the reduction achieved
Negligible
Risk
Risk

Basic Level (without considering the existing program)

Existing level (By considering the existing program)

Predictive Level (By considering recommended program)

Risk Treatment
Risk treatment involves selecting one or more options for modifying risks, and implementing those options.

Risk treatment involves a cyclical process of:

⎯assessing a risk treatment;
⎯deciding whether residual risk levels are tolerable;
⎯if not tolerable, generating a new risk treatment; and
⎯assessing the effectiveness of that treatment.
Risk treatment options are not necessarily mutually exclusive or appropriate in all circumstances. The options
can include the following:
a) avoiding the risk by deciding not to start or continue with the activity that gives rise to the risk;
b) taking or increasing the risk in order to pursue an opportunity;
c) removing the risk source;
d) changing the likelihood;
e) changing the consequences;
f) sharing the risk with another party or parties (including contracts and risk financing); and
g) retaining the risk by informed decision.
Monitoring and review

Both monitoring and review should be a planned part of the risk management process and
involve regular checking or surveillance.
Communication and consultation

Communication and consultation with external and internal stakeholders should take place
during all stages of the risk management process.