LESSON 2:

THINK
SCIENCE
Scientific knowledge is based
on explanations on observed
or inferred phenomenon which
is tested repeatedly to validate
the results.
New theories are then
formed that can verify
or falsify existing
knowledge.
Nicolaus Copernicus
A scientific fact is a summary
of experimental results that
describe a pattern in nature. A
theory is the most logical
explanation of why things
happen or work
 Scientific Attitudes – your
attitudes determines your
“altitude”. They way you
perceive inquiries and issues
regarding a natural phenomenon
determines how you understand,
learn and apply scientific
concepts.
 The Different Scientific Attitudes
Scientific Attitudes Definition
Curiosity A person shows an interest
in objects or events that
lead to an inquiry or
investigation.
Objectivity A person shows fair
judgment by not allowing
biases in recording
observations and
formulating conclusions.

A person considers all pieces

of evidence before making a
decision
Critical-mindedness A person makes a conclusion
based on reliable pieces of
evidence and asks questions
when in doubt on the
outcome of an investigation
Open-mindedness A person respects other’s
ideas and opinions and
accept criticisms

A person adapts to changes

when the evidence contradict
one’s belief

A person accepts the fact that

the other individuals may
attest the validity of the said
observation
 Resourcefulness A person generates new
and original ideas
Risk-taking A person accepts
potential risks and
failures that may arise
from his or her ideas
Intellectual honesty A person presents a
legitimate report of
observations.
A person acknowledges
the contributions of
other sources
Responsibility A person is aware
that his or her
findings may
influence a society.

Perseverance A person can

accomplish the task
even if there are
many obstacles
 Scientific Literacy – refers to
one’s capacity to use scientific
knowledge, to identify questions,
and to draw evidence-based
conclusions so that one can make
informed decisions.
A scientifically literate person is
able to use his or her knowledge
of scientific concepts and
processes to evaluate issues and
problems that may arise in his or
her daily life
Scientific Inquiry – involves asking questions and
developing explanations to particular phenomena
through the use of scientific process skills.

Here are the some scientific process skills:

Questioning Hypothesizing
Observing Organizing
Communicating Classifying
Inferring Designing experiments
Predicting Collecting data
Measuring Analyzing data
Comparing Interpreting data
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
The scientific method is a systematic
approach to explaining phenomena
or solving problems. It involves
identifying factors that made the
problem, formulating hypothesis,
gathering data, and arriving at
conclusion based on the results of
the experiment.
Steps in Scientific Method

PLANNING

- Stating the problem

- Gathering information
- Formulating hypothesis
Formulating Hypothesis

Hypothesis is a proposed answer

or explanation to a question
based on initial pieces or
evidence. Having said this, a
hypothesis is not immediately
assumed to be correct.
Steps in Scientific Method

PROCESS

- Conducting an experiment
- Recording data
- Analyzing data
Obtaining Qualitative and
Quantitative data

Data is the collection of facts

that may be recorded through
observation and measurement.
There are two types of data:

A qualitative data simply refer to

the physical quality of objects.
You use your senses in getting
qualitative data.

Example: color, texture, taste,

smell
There are two types of data:

A quantitative data refer to the

measurement, or the quantity of
an object. In finding quantitative
data, you use measuring tools.

Ex. Length, height and width.

Steps in Scientific Method

EVALUATING

- Stating a conclusion
- Recommending improvements
Interpreting the Results of
Investigation

Communicating details of your

investigation allows others to test
your hypothesis or even come up
with a new one based on your
work.
Formulating a Conclusion or
Decision

This involves determining what

you should do best in a particular
situation or issue.
Learning the different scientific
attitudes will help us develop our
discipline inside and outside of
the laboratory or the classroom.
Activity:

Instructions:
1. Prepare a letter size short bond paper
2. Guess how many folds it will take before the paper can no
longer be folded.
3. Fold the paper into halves until it can no longer be folded.

Guide Questions:

1. Is your guess correct regarding the number of folds you

made on your paper?
2. How many attempts or trials did you do? Is it only once? If
twice, why did you have to repeat your attempt?
3. What question can you formulate from the activity?