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Exothermic Reactions Endothermic Reactions.: © Boardworks LTD 2007 1 of 39
Exothermic Reactions Endothermic Reactions.: © Boardworks LTD 2007 1 of 39
C-H 435
O=O 497
C=O 803
H-O 464
C-C 347
358
Energy needed to break bonds: 4 (C-H): 435 x 4 = 1740 KJ/Mol
2 (O=O): 497 x 1 = 994 KJ/Mol Total energy in: 1740 + 994 =
C-O 2734 KJ/Mol Energy needed to form bonds: 2 (C=O): 803 x 2 =
1606 KJ/Mol 4 (H-O): 464 x 4 = 1856 KJ/Mol Total energy out:
1606 + 1856 = 3462 KJ/Mol ΔH= 2734 – 3462 = -728 KJ/Mol r
Therefore reaction is Exothermic
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Examples of Exothermic Reactions:
• Combustion:
• This is the reaction of any carbon containing fuel
with oxygen producing carbon dioxide if
complete combustion and carbon monoxide if
incomplete combustion and large amounts of
energy.
• CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + Energy
• Respiration:
• Burning food (glucose) in living organisms to
produce energy and carbon dioxide.
• C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
• Photosynthesis:
• Using carbon dioxide and water to make
glucose and oxygen in the presence of light
energy and chlorophyll.
• 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Dehydration:
• Supplying heat to hydrated salt crystals
evaporates the water of crystallization,
leaving the powered crystals.
• CuSO4.5H2O + Heat energy → CuSO4 + 5H2O
• Thermal Decomposition:
• The breaking down of a compound by
heating it.
• CaCO3 + Heat Energy → CaO + CO2
increased temperature
increased concentration of
dissolved reactants, and increased
pressure of gaseous reactants
use of a catalyst.
hydrochloric magnesium
magnesium + acid
chloride + hydrogen
hydrochloric
acid
magnesium
Ea without
Different catalysts work in
catalyst different ways, but most
energy (kJ)
Ea with
catalyst
reaction (time)
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Everyday catalysts
Many catalysts are transition metals or their compounds.
For example: