three-phase unbalanced system

with PV systems
Topology

This circuit model is

very small and used to
test common features
of distribution analysis
software, operating at
4.16 kV. It is
characterized by being
short, relatively highly
loaded, a single voltage
regulator at the
670 PV substation, overhead
and underground lines,
shunt capacitors, an in-
line transformer, and
unbalanced loading. PV
connect bus 670
Model

• LINE model

I1 R + jX I2

jB1 jB2
V1 V2

I1 (R+jX)-1 + jB1 -(R+jX)-1 V1

=
-(R+jX)-1 (R+jX)-1 + jB2 V2
I2

Yprim
This is one phase line model ,which easily to expand three phase
line model, Simply let R, X, B, G, C, etc. represent 3x3 matrix
Notation stays the same, I1, I2, V1, V2 etc become 3x1 vectors
Model

General Concept

Added into Injection

Current Vector

Compensation
Yprim Current

Goes into System Y Matrix

(One-Line Diagram)

Most Power Conversion (PC) Elements are Modeled Like This.

many PC elements : loads , source object, generator etc.
Model
Load - 3-phase Y connected

Compensation Phase 1
Yprim Current

Compensation Phase 2
3 Yprim Current

Compensation Phase 3
Yprim Current

Load have two connect way, this is Y connected way. According to the previous PC
element Equivalent model, the Y connected load can model like this .
Model
Load - 3-phase Delta connected

Compensation Phase 1
Yprim Current

1
Compensation Phase 2
Yprim Current

Compensation Phase 3
Yprim Current

3 Conductors/Terminal
According to the previous PC element Equivalent model,
the 3-phase Delta load can model like this .
Thansformer Model

ZB the short circuit impedance matrix

 Diagonal Elements of ZB

ZBii = zSC 1, i+1  zbase for i = 1 to m-1

where m = number of windings

 Off-diagonal Elements of ZB
ZBij = 0.5[zBii + zBjj - zScj+1,i+1  zbase] i j
B is defined as an m x (m-1) incidence matrix N is either a m x m or a 2m x
m incidence matrix whose
The A matrix is an incidence matrix, whose non-zero elements are non-zero elements are the
generally either 1 or -1, that relates inverse of the number
the winding currents to the actual transformer terminal currents. of turns in the windings
PV Model

the active power, P, is a function of the Irradiance, temperature (T), and rated power at
the mpp, Pmpp at a selected temperature and an irradiance of 1.0 kW/m2
Model

Putting it All Together

ALL Elements

Yprim 1 Yprim 2 Yprim 3 Yprim n

PC Elements
Comp. Currents

I1

I2
Y
= Node
Iinj V
Voltages

Im
Iteration Loop

The previous element yprim to form this Y to calculate power flow

Solution process

 Fixed-point solution form for normal solution

Vn+1 = [Ysystem]-1 IPC(Vn) n = 0, 1, 2, …

…until converged

IPC(V) = compensation currents from Power Conversion (PC)

elements in the circuit as a function of voltage
Overhead Line Configuration Data: Underground Line Configuration Data:
Config. Phasing Phase Neutral Spacing
 
    ACSR ACSR ID Config. Phasing Cable Neutral Space ID
601 BACN 556,500 26/7 4/0 6/1 500 606 ABCN 250,000 AA, CN None 515
607 AN 1/0 AA, TS 1/0 Cu 520
602 CABN 4/0 6/1 4/0 6/1 500

603 CBN 1/0 1/0 505

Transformer Data:
604 ACN 1/0 1/0 505   kVA kV-high kV-low R-% X-%
Substation: 5,000 115 - D 4.16 Gr. Y 1 8
605 CN 1/0 1/0 510
XFM -1 500 4.16 – Gr.W 0.48 – Gr.W 1.1 2

Capacitor Data:
Line Segment Data:
Node Ph-A Ph-B Ph-C
  kVAr kVAr kVAr
Node A Node B Length(ft.) Config. 675 200 200 200
632 645 500 603 611     100
632 633 500 602 Total 200 200 300
633 634 0 XFM-1
645 646 300 603
650
684
632
652
2000
800
601
607
Regulator Data:
632 671 2000 601
671 684 300 604 Regulator ID: 1    
671 680 1000 601 Line Segment: 650 - 632    
671 692 0 Switch Location: 50    
684 611 300 605 Phases: A - B -C    
692 675 500 606 Connection: 3-Ph,LG    
Monitoring Phase: A-B-C    
Bandwidth: 2.0 volts    
PT Ratio: 20    

More data please reference here: Primary CT Rating:

Compensator Settings:
700
Ph-A
 
Ph-B
 
Ph-C
https://site.ieee.org/pes- R - Setting: 3 3 3
X - Setting: 9 9 9
testfeeders/resources/ Volltage Level: 122 122 122
Spot Load Data: Impedances
Node Load Ph-1 Ph-1 Ph-2 Ph-2 Ph-3 Ph-3
  Model kW kVAr kW kVAr kW kVAr
Configuration 601:
634
645
Y-PQ
Y-PQ
160
0
110
0
120
170
90
125
120
0
90
0
 
646 D-Z 0 0 230 132 0 0 Z (R +jX) in ohms per mile
652 Y-Z 128 86 0 0 0 0
671 D-PQ 385 220 385 220 385 220 0.3465 1.0179 0.1560 0.5017 0.1580
675
692
Y-PQ
D-I
485
0
190
0
68
0
60
0
290
170
212
151
0.4236
611
 
Y-I
TOTAL
0
1158
0
606 973
0 0
627
170
1135
80
753
0.3375 1.0478 0.1535 0.3849
0.3414 1.0348
Distributed Load Data: B in micro Siemens per mile
Node A Node B
   
Load
Model
Ph-1 Ph-1
kW kVAr
Ph-2
kW
Ph-2
kVAr
Ph-3 Ph-3
kW kVAr
6.2998 -1.9958 -1.2595
632 671 Y-PQ 17 10 66 38 117 68 5.9597 -0.7417
5.6386
Configuration 602: Configuration 603:
   
Z (R +jX) in ohms per mile Z (R +jX) in ohms per mile
0.7526 1.1814 0.1580 0.4236 0.1560 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.5017 0.0000
0.7475 1.1983 0.1535 0.3849 1.3294 1.3471 0.2066 0.4591
0.7436 1.2112 1.3238 1.3569
B in micro Siemens per mile B in micro Siemens per mile
5.6990 -1.0817 -1.6905 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5.1795 -0.6588 4.7097 -0.8999
5.4246 4.6658
 Opendss model Regulator
New Transformer.Reg1 phases=1 bank=reg1
Transformer XHL=0.01 kVAs=[1666 1666]
~ Buses=[650.1 RG60.1] kVs=[2.4 2.4]
New Transformer.Sub Phases=3 Windings=2 %LoadLoss=0.01
XHL=(8 1000 /) new regcontrol.Reg1 transformer=Reg1
~ wdg=1 bus=SourceBus conn=delta kv=115 winding=2 vreg=122 band=2 ptratio=20
kva=5000 %r=(.5 1000 /) ctprim=700 R=3 X=9
~ wdg=2 bus=650 conn=wye kv=4.16
kva=5000 %r=(.5 1000 /) New Transformer.Reg2 phases=1 bank=reg1
XHL=0.01 kVAs=[1666 1666]
~ Buses=[650.2 RG60.2] kVs=[2.4 2.4]
New Transformer.XFM1 Phases=3 %LoadLoss=0.01
Windings=2 XHL=2 new regcontrol.Reg2 transformer=Reg2
~ wdg=1 bus=633 conn=Wye kv=4.16 winding=2 vreg=122 band=2 ptratio=20
kva=500 %r=.55 XHT=1 ctprim=700 R=3 X=9
~ wdg=2 bus=634 conn=Wye kv=0.480
kva=500 %r=.55 XLT=1 New Transformer.Reg3 phases=1 bank=reg1
XHL=0.01 kVAs=[1666 1666]
~ Buses=[650.3 RG60.3] kVs=[2.4 2.4]
%LoadLoss=0.01
new regcontrol.Reg3 transformer=Reg3
winding=2 vreg=122 band=2 ptratio=20
ctprim=700 R=3 X=9
 Opendss model LineCodes604
LineCodes601 New linecode.mtx604 nphases=2 BaseFreq=6
~ rmatrix = (1.3238 | 0.2066 1.3294 )
New linecode.mtx601 nphases=3 BaseFreq=60
~ xmatrix = (1.3569 | 0.4591 1.3471 )
~ rmatrix = (0.3465 | 0.1560 0.3375 | 0.1580
~ units=mi
0.1535 0.3414 )
~ xmatrix = (1.0179 | 0.5017 1.0478 | 0.4236 LineCodes605
0.3849 1.0348 ) New linecode.mtx605 nphases=1 BaseFreq=6
~ units=mi ~ rmatrix = (1.3292 )
~ xmatrix = (1.3475 )
LineCodes602 ~ units=mi
New linecode.mtx602 nphases=3 BaseFreq=60 Underground Line
~ rmatrix = (0.7526 | 0.1580 0.7475 | 0.1560 New Linecode.mtx606 nphases=3 Units=mi
0.1535 0.7436 ) ~ Rmatrix=[0.791721 |0.318476 0.781649 |
~ xmatrix = (1.1814 | 0.4236 1.1983 | 0.5017 0.28345 0.318476 0.791721 ]
0.3849 1.2112 ) ~ Xmatrix=[0.438352 |0.0276838 0.396697
~ units=mi 0.0184204 0.0276838 0.438352 ]
~ Cmatrix=[383.948 |0 383.948 |0 0
LineCodes603
383.948 ]
New linecode.mtx603 nphases=2 BaseFreq=60 New linecode.mtx607 nphases=1 BaseFreq=6
~ rmatrix = (1.3238 | 0.2066 1.3294 ) ~ rmatrix = (1.3425 )
~ xmatrix = (1.3569 | 0.4591 1.3471 ) ~ xmatrix = (0.5124 )
~ units=mi ~ cmatrix = [236]
~ units=mi
 Opendss model
pv definition // pv definition
// P-T curve is per unit of rated Pmpp vs
temperature
// This one is for a Pmpp stated at 25 deg New PVSystem.PV phases=3 bus1=670 kV=4.16
New XYCurve.MyPvsT npts=4 xarray=[0 25 75 kVA=600 irrad=.98 Pmpp=500
100] yarray=[1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6] temperature=25 PF=1 %cutin=0.1 %cutout=0.1
effcurve=Myeff P-TCurve=MyPvsT
// efficiency curve is per unit eff vs per unit Daily=MyIrrad TDaily=MyTemp !default for
power inverter is unity PF
New XYCurve.MyEff npts=4 xarray=[.1 .2 .4 unblance load definition
1.0] yarray=[.86 .9 .93 .97]
New Load.675a Bus1=675.1 Phases=1
// per unit irradiance curve (per unit if Conn=Wye Model=1 kV=2.4 kW=485
"irradiance" property) kvar=190
New Loadshape.MyIrrad npts=24 interval=1 New Load.675b Bus1=675.2 Phases=1
mult=[0 0 0 0 0 0 .1 .2 .3 .5 .8 .9 1.0 1.0 . Conn=Wye Model=1 kV=2.4 kW=68 kvar=60
99 .9 .7 .4 .1 0 0 0 0 0] New Load.675c Bus1=675.3 Phases=1
Conn=Wye Model=1 kV=2.4 kW=290
// 24-hr temp shape curve kvar=212
New Tshape.MyTemp npts=24 interval=1
temp=[25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 35, 40, 45,
50 60 60 55 40 35 30 25 25 25 25 25 25]
 Com interface for matlab
[DSSStartOK, DSSObj, DSSText] = DSSStartup;
if DSSStartOK
DSSText.command='Compile (.\IEEE13Nodeckt.dss)';
% Set up the interface variables
DSSCircuit=DSSObj.ActiveCircuit;
DSSSolution=DSSCircuit.Solution;
DSSText.Command='new Monitor.v Vrms = ExtractMonitorData(DSSMon,1,2400.0);
element=Load.675a terminal=1 mode=64' t = ExtractMonitorData(DSSMon,0,3600.0);
DSSText.Command='edit PVSystem.PV phases=3 % Solve executes the solution for the present
bus1=670 kV=4.16 kVA=600 irrad=.98 Pmpp=500solution mode, which is "snapshot".
temperature=25 PF=1' figure(1)
DSSText.command = 'Set mode=daily number=24 plot(t,
'; Vrms,'-k');
DSSText.command = 'Set controlmode = static'; hold on;
DSSText.Command='Set MaxControlIter=100'; title('load Voltage');
DSSText.Command='solve'; ylabel('Volts [pu]'); Plot the results.just a
DSSText.command = 'Export losses'; xlabel('Time [hr]'); simple show,more
DSSText.command = 'Export voltages'; hold off datails please see the
DSSMon=DSSCircuit.Monitors; else attachments!
DSSMon.name='v'; a = 'DSS Did Not Start'
disp(a)
end
Daily simulation
Losses results
Voltage results

1 present phase A , 2 present

phase B , 3 present phase 3.
PV connect phase A
PV connect phase B
PV connect phase C
 conclusion

Change Pv power injection in one phase, and

the bus votlage of other phases will be
changed. Change PV can adjust three-phase
unbalance.