Tribhuvan University

Institute of Engineering
Purwanchal Campus
Dharan

PROJECT: LOW COST HOUSING PLANNING

Date: 2078-2-15

Submitted By: 073-BATCH Submitted to:

DILLISHWAR BISHWAKARMA -08 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
KESHAV KALIKOTE -13 AR. KUBER SHRESTHA
RAHUL POKHAREL -22
SANDIP RIMAL -31
SANTOSH ACHARYA -33
 INTRODUCTION

Low cost housing is the term used to describe

dwelling units whose total housing costs are deemed
“affordable” to a group of people within a specified
income range.

Locally available materials are the major construction

materials in this type of housing.

LOW COST HOUSING- MATERIAL & TECHNOLOGY

BAMBOO HOLLOW CEMENT CONRETE BLOCK
 low cost, low weight
and durability but  Used for the foundation,
should be treated with basement walls and
appropriate chemicals partition walls as their
to make it termite cores can be filled with
resistant. steel rods for enhancing
strength.

PARTIAL PRECAST SLAB PANELS COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCK

 Also known as adobe bricks, they

are lightweight, non-toxic and fire-
 Partial precast slab panels are resistant. Compressed earth bricks
used as an alternative to cast-in- are dense and generally used for
place concrete panels. exterior stucco work and are
considered one of the cheapest
among low-cost building materials.
WHY IS LOW COST HOUSING REQUIRED ??
 Growing population day by day.
 Increasing cost of land.
 Affordable housing for BPL (below poverty line) people.
 We need a solution that is fast.
 Easy to build.
 Fulfills the needs of conventional houses.

DIFFERENT BUILDING TECHNIQUES FOR LOW COST

HOUSING:
 Modular building is a type of construction  Infilling is the practice of going
where pieces of the home or typically whole back through residential areas
rooms or major parts of rooms ,are built and building in areas that had
offsite in large factories. previously been left empty.
 At the site, the pieces are connected to the  Infilling makes better use of
house. Hence, owners save money on existing space.
construction time, including the time it would
take to clear away.
MODULAR PLANNING INFILLING
 Recycled materials adapted for low  In extensive planning, the more
cost housing include wood, glass, planning goes into a house, the less
metal and rubber that are previously the actual construction will cost.
been used.  Contractors should plan out exact
 Reprocessed into materials that are dimensions and should gather facts.
used in building walls and other parts  This saves money that would
of a house. otherwise be wasted on unnecessary
 These recycled materials are often supplies and cleanup caused by
less expensive than using fully natural littered materials. EXTENSIVE PLANNING
RECYCLING products.
LITERATURE REVIEW LOW COST HOUSING MATERIALS IN RURAL
 Short on-site construction
INTRODUCTION SELECTION OF MATERIALS :  Simple brick
Low cost housing(LCH) is all about cutting down  Natural stone
construction cost by using alternatives to  Stabilized soil block
Low
conventional methods and inputs. Embodied  CGI sheet
Energy
 Clay tiles
DESIGN RECOMMENDATION  Recycled wood
a. Planning of Land and Land Development.  Bamboo
Locally Pollution
Available Preventing
 Low rise high density planning. Material
 High rise high density planning. Selection
Criteria
b. Design of individual building
 Building plan
 Staircase and circulation spaces.
 Storey height. Recyclable Non-Toxic
 Area of opening. Areas from where cost can be
 Standardization.
c. Use of Building Materials and Construction
reduced
 Reduce plinth area.
 Use locally available material
Technology.  Use energy efficient materials which
LOW COST HOUSING MATERIALS IN URBAN
consumes less energy
 Prefabricated panels  Use environmentally friendly materials
 Pre-plan every component of a house
 Hollow cement block and rationalize the design procedure for
 reducing the size of the component in
Cement concrete
the building.
 Iron beams  By planning each and every component
 Brick of a house the wastage of materials can
be avoided.
CASE STUDY: ARTIST VILLAGE BELAPUR
INTRODUCTION
 The Belapur Incremental Housing is located  Based on clusters of between seven and
in Sector 8, Belapur, Navi, Mumbai, 12 pairs of houses arranged around
Maharashtra. communal courtyards, the buildings did
 This was envisioned to cater all types of not share party walls – allowing each
income groups. family to extend and adapt their own
house independently.
 550 families were planned for in a 5.4-
hectare area limitation.

Here is a google map showing the

location of The Artists Village CLIMATE RESPONSIVE
USER GROUP

 Originally built for artists.

 But very few still reside.

 Now, there’s mixed occupancy.

 Belapur Incremental Housing Project – a proposal for mass
affordable housing in Navi Mumbai (New Bombay) designed by Ar.
Charles Correa in 1983.
 The houses are low cost and flexible as well as incremental,  Sloping roof to deal with heavy rainfalls in the
expandable and adaptable with essence of local vernacular monsoon.
architecture.
PLANNING SPACES
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
 seven units are grouped to form a small
 Incrementality courtyard town of about 8m x 8m.
 Pluralism  Three of these groups form a module of
 Identity twenty-one homes that describes the
 income generation collective space of the next scale Formulation of Module
 Equity (approximately 12m x 12m).
 Open to sky space

house-community space-settlement private world-communal court-greaterpublic space. The public

promenade of community

Living area
Services
Private courtyard
Access roads
PLANNING HIERARCHY:
 cluster arrangement
 'open to sky space' toilet blocks
 shared courtyard(communal space)
 informal character to roads
ARCHITECTURE:
 pitched roof
MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION:
brick walls, roof- wooden shingles
outdoor stone pavings, simple floor plans and building methods
OTHER:
interactive space green
well
THE MODULES
 Project demonstrates how high density housing (500 people per hectare) can be
achieved in a low-rise typology, while including (open to sky spaces) and services,
like schools, that the community requires
 Overriding principle is to give each unit its own site to allow for expansion
(Incrementality)
 Scheme caters wide range from the lowest budgets of Rs 20000, Middle income
groups Rs 30000-50000 and Upper income Rs 180000.
 The village was produced with the idea that the residents were going to alter it in
many ways, making it truly their own, therefore homes are freestanding, so
residents can add on to them as their families grow
DRAWBACKS DESIGN ACHIEVEMENTS
 Proper spaces were not provided which is one of the  The feel of the space still intact.
major reasons why the artisans sold their houses.
 Also, 20 years ago the transport facilities were not fully  Ample amount of open and green
developed which was another reason. spaces provided.
 Due to lack of commercial spaces, the houses facing the  Clusters help build a local
streets transformed into shops, which were illegal. community feeling.
 No proper provisions were made for parking, which
resulted in encroachment of open spaces due to parking.  Allowed enhanced interactions
 Cultural centre made for the artists to exhibit their which was the essence of a village.
works remained unused.
CONCLUSION
 Sense of security.
 Lots of green spaces creating a quite and cool
environment.
 Intangible aspect of a village was taken care of very
precisely.

drainage
7 HOUSE CLUSTER
 CASE STUDY: Lumanti Housing (NATIONAL)​
PROJECT BACKGROUND
 The Kirtipur housing society was
constructed to address the issue of
urban poor with environmentally
sustainable design solutions.
 The housing was designed
incorporating environmental
practices to make it sustainable and
cost efficient.
 The layout design includes clusters
with open courtyard in each of the
cluster, where the underground tanks
with hand pumps are situated for the
community use
By Astra Development Pvt.Ltd
OBJECTIVES:
 To provide houses for people which would be
demolished by Vishnumati link road project(1969)
 Establishment of urban community support fund to
provide loan
Merits:
 Street maintenance:
Community
management will
carry out maintenance
and street cleaning
Location: Paliphal-6, Kirtipur  Facilities: Courts as
multifunctional spaces
Approach main route: - Kirtipur  Management
Landmark: - T.U committee: The
developers will hand
Zone of site: Outskirts of Kirtipur town over all the
responsibility to
Target Group: Lower Income Group
committee.
Legal owner: end user
Building style: Contemporary
Planning Type: Linear, cluster, row housing and
Courtyard planning
Total land: Approx. 5 Ropani
Average annual rainfall: 1,600mm
Total volume of rainwater harvested: Approx 1,171 kilo liters
Area: 915 sq meter (Roof top)
SITE ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION:

Location : Panbari, Dharan sub-metropolitan city

in Sunsari District of Province 01
Ward no : 06
Latitude : 26°46‘0.4"N
Longitude : 87°19‘41"E
Area of site : 13,960.6 SQM SITE
Altitude : 259m from sea level CLIMATIC CONDITIONS: Existing site plan

 It is Surrounded by Bokshi river in east and

Pokhara river at west
 Directly connected to the main road
 Almost flat land
 Squatter settlement is located near the site
 Infrastructures are not developed
 Elevated land
TEMPERATURE

maximum temperature is of 35°C in June

minimum temperature of 5°C in January

RAINFALL SOLAR AND WIND DIRECTION

SITE
SITE PLAN
PHYSICAL ASPECT
 Use of locally available
material in an innovative form
like soil cement blocks in place
of burnt brick and excessive use
of bamboo.
 Use energy efficiency materials
which consumes less energy like
concrete block in place of burnt
brick.
 Use of Hollow block was also
found on houses being
constructed around the site.
 Proper Drainage Facility around
the site.
 Main Road touches the site.
Use of Hollow block Near the site
SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECT
 Majority of the people are Rai, kami, tamang,
limbu etc and so on.
 Since majority of the people are limbu so
Dhaan Nachh is more common.
 Shiv mandir is situated at Chokti which is near
to site.
SWOT ANALYSIS People Performing Dhaan Nach
MARRIAGE
High in early age (15-19)
Weaknesses: yrs: 36.17%
Strengths: Lack of awareness Reason: wrong social
Direct acess to main road tradition & values
Lack of health services
Availability of local materials Rate: decreasing order
Lack of quality road
Site elevated as per
thehousing requirement CHALLENGES
SWOT Slum
Waste management
Drug addiction
Threats:
Opportunities:
River touches the site PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Developing areas: overall Transportation safety issues
developing is possible Past: 25%
Conflict in ownership and Recent: 50%
management of land
 SLECTION OF MATERIALS
INTERLOCKING BRICK
Interlocking bricks are the enhanced form of conventional clay bricks.
Each brick is constructively designed to lock itself to the other bricks around
without the use of mortar. ... Interlocking bricks are compressed and stabilized
earth bricks which contributes to strength of the structure

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

1. High quality interlocking bricks are made of cement, sand and Stone

dust mixed together in appropriate proportions. The required materials
are batched and mixed proportionately.
2. Once the required mix is prepared, it is then compressed to form bricks
with desirable interlocking patterns. The compression is achieved by using
hydraulic compression system. The bricks are then subjected to curing for
about 7 days.
3. Once the curing is done, the cement sets and bonds with sand adding to
the stability of the brick. Whereas the soil compression adds strength ADVANTAGES
and OF INTERLOCKING BRICKS
density to the brick. The interlocking bricks come in different designs,
finishes and patterns.
 Earthquake resistant
HOW INTERLOCKING BRICKS ARE USED ??  Does not require plaster work
 Provides cooler interior
Interlocking Bricks are used to construct Walls without the use of Cement  Unskilled / Fewer Labours
Mortar. Laterite Stone is ground and filtered using a sieve, which is then mixed  Minimizes cost
with 5% cement mixture and a chemical setting agent. This mixture is then  Time Efficient
machine compressed to form high density Interlocking Bricks.
HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK
In general, Hollow Block is a Type of Concrete Block Used
for building internal and external walls.
 Hollow concrete block saves time in building walls due to
its large dimensions. ... Hollow blocks are made using molds
and a suitable additive depending on the location and the
project.

Uses of Hollow Concrete Blocks

Exterior load-bearing walls. Interior load-bearing walls.
Curtain walls. Partition wall and panel walls. WHY HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS ARE PREFERABLE ?
Hollow block helps in saving construction materials and therefore use
of hollow block reduces construction cost. Use of larger size concrete
Types of block reduces number of joints in work and hence helps in saving
Hollow Concrete Bloc mortar. Hollow concrete block have good insulating properties against sound,
heat and dampness.
ks:
ADVANTAGES OVER BRICK
A. Stretcher block.
Durability: Red traditional bricks are known to be more durable and the structures made from them are stronger than the
B. Corner block.
ones made from hollow blocks.
C. Pillar block.
Cheaper than brick : Block masonry are quite cheaper compared to their brick counterpart. They are known to cost Rs.
D. Jamb block.
1,500 lesser than brick masonry for per cubic meter
E. Partition block.
Made from waste:  They do not harm or deplete nature for being made. They are made from Fly Ash, which is nothing but
F. Lintel block.
a residue of thermal power plants.
G. Frogged brick block.
 Strength: Concrete blocks are known to be better in enduring earthquakes which are happening quite frequently.
H. Bull nose block.
Soundproofing
DESIGN PHASE
DESIGN PRINCIPLES:
 IDENTITY
 PLANNING
 GRID FORMATION
 CLUSTER ARRANGEMENT
 LOW RISE HIGH DENSITY
 INFORMAL CHARACTER TO ROADS

 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES
 PITCHED ROOF
 SIMPLE FACADE
 EQUITY
 MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION
 COST EFFICIENT MATERIALS
 DURABLE AND STRENGTH
 OTHERS
 ADEQUATE OPEN SPACE

 NO. OF HOUSES: 78 units

 Single storey: 40 units
 Double storey: 38 units
 Commercial marts
 TOTAL POPULATION: 388 people
RENDERED PLAN
DESIGN PHASE
PLANNING SPACES: CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT
USER GROUP
 RECTANGULAR FORM IS CONSIDERED MORE  Design for low income generating
STABLE AND COST EFFICIENT DESIGN people
APPROACHE THEREFORE, RECTANGULAR
FORM WAS TRANSFORMED INTO THE  Focus on people of squatter
DESIRED FORM TO OBTAIN THE RELEVANT settlement
DESIGN OF HOUSING UNITS SIMILAR TO THE
SURROUNDINGS OF THE SITE
MASTER PLAN
ROAD ANALYSIS
SANITARY AND WATER SUPPLY DRAWINGS

SANITARY DRAWING WATER SUPPLY DRAWING

ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS

SITE WITH ROOF PLAN

SITE SECTION

SECTION Y-Y
INDIVIDUAL BUILDING PLAN: TYPE A

3D VIEW
INDIVIDUAL BUILDING PLAN: TYPE B

3D VIEW
INDIVIDUAL BUILDING PLAN: TYPE C
RENDER PICTURES
RENDER PICTURES
RENDER PICTURES
THANK YOU!!!