2nd Generation Plug-in Series Hybrid Vehicle

Angel Villalonga Morales

BIOPOLITE@GMAIL.COM
+34 637172050
Tarragona(Spain)

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 Introduction
An electric car produces almost no pollution, but it
has a very short range between charges.
The hybrid vehicle, series or parallel, is a compromise.
From the environmental point of view, the only valid
approach to reduce the road transport pollution is
the series hybrid vehicle.
Some automakers have started production of series
hybrid cars .
This presentation outlines the difference between
series hybrid and “the advanced series hybrid vehicle.”
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 Plug-in Series Hybrid
A plug-in series hybrid in the U.S.A. is called:
“extended range electric vehicle”. Basically, it is an
electric vehicle, with a generator added to increase
the range.
In a plug-in series hybrid vehicle, the car battery can
be charged from the electricity net.
Battery range varies from model to model.
When the state of charge of the battery is low, an
engine turns the generator, which charges the battery.

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Plug-in Series Hybrid structure
Plug-in series hybrid vehicles contains the following parts:
 Generator.
 Internal combustion engine.
 Electric Energy Storage system: ultra capacitors and/or
batteries.
 Battery charger.
 Electric motor.

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Series Hybrid Platform Scheme
1. generator
2. shaft
3. engine
4. converters/inverters
5. dc link
6. converters dc/dc
7. batteries
8. ultra capacitors
9. electric motor
10. differential

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 Generator
The generator of the Series Hybrid is used only to
generate the electrical power.
The generator is powered by the engine.
The generator start to work when the state of charge
of the batteries is low.
The generator stops when the batteries are charged.
When the generator is working, a computer
determines the amount of electrical power sent to fed
the electric motor or to recharge the batteries.

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 Internal Combustion Engine
The engine is coupled to the electric generator.
The engine is used only to power the electric generator.
The starter and the alternator may be eliminated.
The internal combustion engine in the series hybrid is
not coupled to the wheels. This eliminates the need for
a multi-speed transmission.
The system allows the engine to be significantly
reduced, since it is not subjected to the widely power
demands incurred in stop-and-go driving, and can
instead operate at near optimum efficiency.
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Electric Energy Storage System
The Electric Energy Storage System of the series
Hybrid Vehicle is formed by batteries and/or ultra
capacitor.
The ultra capacitors are the “power storage device”.
They supply the power peak demands, and may admit
the regeneration braking electric energy.
The batteries are the “energy storage device”. They
are the normal energy supply to run the vehicle.
The batteries can provide only a very short range, and
they are very inconvenient and slow to recharge.
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 Electric motor
The electric motor is the only means of providing power
to drive the transmission.
The electric motor on an hybrid car may work as a motor
as well a generator.
Working as a motor provides mechanical power to drive
the transmission.
Working as a generator(regenerative braking), converts
the vehicle kinetic energy into electric energy to recharge
the electric energy storage system.

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 Series hybrid
The series hybrid is the simplest drivetrain.
The electric motor is directly connected to the
transmission.
There is not need for a complex multi-speed
transmission and clutch.
The electric motor can convert the electrical energy
into mechanical energy to move the wheels, and can
convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy
to charge the battery,(regenerative braking).

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Series Hybrid

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 Series hybrid
The electric motor of the series hybrid must be able
to supply the full mechanical power requirements of
the vehicle at all times.
The series hybrid approach requires the electric
motor/inverter to meet both the continuous and peak
operating requirements.
The size of the electric motor is set by short duration
performance requirements. Customer performance
expectations dominate this requirement.

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 Disadvantages
 A fixed gear reduces complexity, but minimizes the value of the
motor.
 An electric motor tailored to achieve a high top speed, will have
an excess of torque-power available at low and medium speeds.
 Best motor´s efficiency is at maximum torque –power
The motor-inverter compound efficiency is lower, because they
are oversized for their average operating power requirements,
which are quite low.
An oversized motor wastes much more electric energy.

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 Advanced differences
Plug-in series hybrid
 1.- generator
 2.-shaft
 3.-engine
 4.-converters/inverters
 5.-dc link
 6.-converters dc/dc
 7.-batteries
 8.- ultra capacitors pack
 9.- electric motor+(re-gen)
 10.-differential
Advanced series hybrid
 1.-motor/generator+(re-gen)
 2.-transmission system
 3.-smaller engine
 4.-smallersconverter/inverter
 5.- smaller dc link
 6.-smaller converters dc/dc
 7.-smaller battery
 8.-smaller ultra caps pack
 9.-smaller motor+(re-gen)
 10.-full traction
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Advanced differences

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 Advanced differences
1.-smaller motor/generator
2.-transmission system/(full traction)
3.-smaller engine
4.-smaller converters/inverters
5.-smaller dc link
6.-smallers converters dc/dc
7.-smaller battery
8.-smaller ultra capacitors pack
9.-smaller main electric motor
10.-differential/(full traction)
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“EREV” – “Advanced EREV”
2-3 cyl eng 35-75 Kw gen / motor/re-gen
3-4 cyl eng
53kw gen

55-120 Kw motor/re-gen 35-75 Kw motor/re-gen

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 Advanced Series Hybrid
The advanced series hybrid main electric motor may be
sized to the average power requirements.
The motor/generator adds its power to the main electric
motor whenever there is a peak power requirement.
The vehicle is more energy efficient at the averages
power requirements.
Increased efficiency at the average power demands.
Increased available power.

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Advanced Series Hybrid
M. Motor+Mot/Gen

_ _

Main motor

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 Advanced Series Hybrid
1. motor/generator
2. transmission system
3. engine
4. converters/inverters
5. dc link
6. converters dc/dc
7. batteries
8. ultra capacitors
9. electric motor
10. differential

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 Benefits
Reduced motor power, size, weight, price. Reduced
electric energy consumption.
Reduced “Electric Energy Storage System”. Reduced
size, weight, price. Alternatively, a range increase.
Reduced motor/generator power, size, weight, price.
Reduced engine displacement. Reduced size, weight,
price. Reduced fuel consumption.
Full traction.
Full regenerative braking (both axles).

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 BIOPOLITE@GMAIL.COM

Angel Villalonga Morales

+34 637172050
Tarragona (Spain)

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