UNIT II DIESEL, GAS TURBINE AND

COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS

Otto, Diesel, Dual & Brayton Cycle -
Analysis & Optimisation. Components of
Diesel and Gas Turbine power plants.
Combined Cycle Power Plants. Integrated
Gasifier based Combined Cycle systems.
 DIESEL POWER PLANT
• The diesel power plant is also known as standby
power plant because the power generated by the
diesel power plant is less as compare to the thermal
and hydro power plant.
• This power plant can generate power between 5 to 50
MW.
• This power plant is usually used in emergency cases.
• When it comes to the generation of electricity; it is
essential to rotate the rotor of alternator by prime
mover.
• This prime mover can be driven by using different type
of fuels.
• Diesel engine is one of the most popular as prime
mover for the generation of electricity.
• So when prime mover of the alternator is diesel engine
then the power station is known as diesel power
station.
 Subsystem of Diesel Power Plant
• Diesel engine

• Starting system

• Fuel system

• Air intake system

• Lubrication system

• Exhaust system

• Cooling system
• Diesel engines was established in 1893 by inventor Rudlof Diesel.
• The diesel engine provides maximum effect on minimum oil consumption.
• The diesel engine is the main component of the power plant.
• The engine is a device that will give us the mechanical energy by converting
chemical energy (diesel).
• Diesel will be as input to the engine, the mechanical energy generated by the
engine will be given to generator which will convert the mechanical energy into
electrical energy.
• The diesel engines used for the diesel power plant may be four stroke or two
stroke engines.
 Diesel tank
• The diesel from the diesel tank is first supplied to the strainer from where
it is transfer to the transfer pump which will transfer this diesel to the
daily consumption tank.
• If the daily consumption is overflow then the diesel is again supply to the
main diesel tank.
• Fuel system consists of storage tank which are the main tank to store the
fuel. The filter will remove the impurities from the fuel.
• During the transfer oil passes through the stiller of the filter.
• Another pipe called oil flow pipe is available to connect the day tank to
the main tank to return the oil in the event of over flowing.
 Fuel injection pump
• The fuel pump will suck the fuel from the tank.
• Fuel injection pump inject the oil from the day tank in to the engine cylinder at
a high pressure of about 100 bar.
• The fuel oil may be supplied to the power plant site by road, rail, tank etc.
• The function of the fuel system is to transfer the fuel from the storage tank to
the consumption tank and to increase the pressure of the fuel.
• It also measure and control the fuel supply.
• To inject and automize the fuel injector is used which will spray the diesel in
form of small particles the fuel in engine cylinder.
 Air Intake System
• It consists of air supply pipe, air filters and super charge in case of super charge
engine.
• The air intake system consists of the compressor which wills intake the
pressurized air and supply to the engine for the combustion.
• The air filter removes the dust from the air.
• Air filters are of dry type made up of wool or cloth.
• The fuel and air both go in to the engine.
• They will mix burn and generate heat and this heat energy is converted into
mechanical energy.
 Lubrication System
• It consists of lubricating oil tank, pumps, filters and lubricating oil cooler.
• In lubrication system we provide the require lubricants to the engine. The size of
the diesel engine is very large.
• Due to which require separate lubricant system
• Lubrication system consists of:
• Lubricant oil tank
• Pump
• Filter
• Oiler cooler
 Lubricant oil tank
• The lubricant oil is used to store oil and this Lubricant oil is suck from the oil
tank by the pump and is passed through the filter to remove impurities.

• This oil goes into the engine system. It will occupy various positions where we
have relative motion like piston and cylinder so these are the parts where
friction occurs.

• This friction will be reduces by the lubricant oil. Because of the heat
generated by the air and fuel system this lubricant oil will be heated which
may change its properties.
 Lubricant oil tank
• When the properties changes the lubrication will not full fill its work. So for this
purpose we will require the lubrication cooling system.

• The lubricant oil is taken out from the engine which will pass through the filter to
remove the impurities and then pass through the oil cooler.

• The Oil cooler is also there to keep the temperature of the oil as low as possible.
The cool oil will be again given to the oil tank.

• The function of the lubricating system is to provide proper amount of the oil to
minimize friction and wearing of the rubbing parts.
 Exhaust System

• The exhaust system consists of piping from the engine to a point where

exhaust gases may be discharged without danger or annoyance.

• The exhaust gasses will be generated by burning of the fuels.

• The exhaust system leads the engine exhaust gases the atmosphere.

• A silencer is usually incorporated in this system reduce the noise level.

 Cooling system
• The purpose of the cooling system is to provide amount of water circulation all around
the engines to remove the part of heat from engine cylinder keeping the low temperature
at predefined level.

• The cooling system consists of water jackets, water pump, surge tank, cooling tower, raw
water pump and heat exchanger.

• Cooling system is instrumental for the liquid cooling process.

• In this system the cooling jackets are provided on the engine cylinder valvesand head
through which the cool water is circulated.

• The heat is absorbed by the cool water.

 Cooling system
• The heat is transfer from the cylinder valves to the coolant by the process of

convection and conduction.

• The hot water from the jackets is passed to the surge tank.

• This hot water from the surge tank is supplied through the pump to the heat

exchanger which will convert this hot water in cool water and is again supply

to the jackets.
 Generator
• The function of the generator or alternator is to convert the mechanical energy shaft

power of the engine in to the electrical energy.

• The generator shaft is coupled with the engine shaft. It consists of automatic voltage

regulator to allow close voltage regulation and satisfactory parallel operation.

• The generator used in the diesel power plants are of rotating fields, salient pole

construction, speed ranging from 214 to 1000 rpm (poles 28 to 6) and capacities

ranging from 25 to 50000 KV at 0.8 power factor lagging.

 Advantages
 

Ø Diesel power plants can be quickly installed and commissioned.

 
Ø Quick starting.
 
Ø Requires minimum labour.
 
Ø Plant is smaller, operate at high efficiency and simple compared to
steam power plant.
 
Ø It can be located near to load centres.
 
 Disadvantages
Capacity of plant is low.
 
Ø Fuel, repair and maintenance cost are high.
 
Ø Life of plant is low compared to steam power plant.
 
Ø Lubrication costs are very high.
 
Ø Not guaranteed for operation under continuous overloads.
 
Ø Noise is a serious problem in diesel power plant.

Ø Diesel power plant cannot be constructed for large scale.