Darcy’s Law

where

Also, Q=AV
Or, v=Q/A
Then,

Here, v is called Darcy velocity or specific discharge. K is hydraulic conductivity(m/day).

Negative sign indicates the flow of water is in the direction of decreasing head. This velocity
here assumes that flow occurs through the entire cross section of the material without regard
to solids and pores. But, the flow is limited only to the pore space.
Then, average interstitial velocity, Where, α is effective porosity.
 Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity
1.Laboratory Methods

2.Tracer test

3.Auger hole

4.Pumping test of wells

Laboratory Methods: a. Constant Head b. Falling Head
Constant Head: It can measure HC of consolidated or unconsolidated formations
under low heads. Water enters the medium cylinder from the bottom and is collected
as overflow after passing upward through the material. By Darcy’s law,
 
Falling Head: Water is added to the tall tube, it flows upward through the cylindrical
sample and is collected as overflow. Test consists of measuring rate of fall of water
level in the tube. Hydraulic conductivity can be obtained by noting that the flow rate
Q in the tube must be equal to the flow rate through the sample.
  𝑑h2
Flow rate Q in the tube, 𝑄=𝜋 𝑟 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
h
  2
Flow rate through the sample by Darcy’s law = 𝜋 𝑟 𝐾 𝐿 𝑐

 
Equating and integrating,