NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY OF

FRANCE
Brief history of France

France, officially the French Republic, is a transcontinental country spanning Western Europe and several overseas
regions and territories. France last became independent in 1944, when it was liberated from German occupation.
•Capital: Paris
•Currency: Euro
•Population: 67.0 million
•GDP (PPP): $3,233 billion (2021)
Culture of France
The culture of France has been shaped by geography, by historical
events, and by foreign and internal forces and groups. France, and in
particular Paris, has played an important role as a center of high
culture since the 17th century and from the 19th century on, worldwide.
From the late 19th century, France has also played an important role in
cinema, fashion, cuisine, literature, technology, the social sciences, and
mathematics. The importance of French culture has waxed and waned
over the centuries, depending on its economic, political and military
importance. French culture today is marked both by great regional and
socioeconomic differences and strong unifying tendencies.

Most people associate French culture with Paris, which is a center of

fashion, cuisine, art and architecture, but life outside of the City of Lights is
very different and varies by region.
France doesn't just have culture; the word "culture" actually comes from
France. "'Culture' derives from the same French term, which in turn derives
from the Latin colere, meaning to tend to the earth and grow, cultivation
and nurture,"
Climatic condition in France
Overall, Metropolitan France enjoys a temperate climate. The weather is
often mild but there are big differences between the seasons and regions.
Keep that in mind while you're packing your bags

Metropolitan France has a temperate climate. It's neither too hot nor too
cold, but the weather changes significantly with the seasons.

Along the Atlantic seaboard, in the West of France, there is an oceanic

climate. Temperature differences are moderate and the winters are mild
but damp. It rains relatively frequently.

In the East, the climate is continental. Summers are warm, with some

thunderstorms, and winters are cold. Temperatures can drop below 0
degrees Celsius and, in the mountains, are frequently accompanied by
snow.
Economic sectors
• Industry
• Energy
• Agriculture
• Tourism
• Arms industry
• Fashion and luxury goods

• Industry

France was in 2019 the world's 8th largest manufacturer in terms of value added, according to the World Bank.

The leading industrial sectors in France are telecommunications (including communication satellites), aerospace and
defense, ship building (naval and specialist ships), pharmaceuticals, construction and civil engineering, chemicals,
textiles, and automobile production. The chemical industry is a key sector for France, helping to develop other
manufacturing activities and contributing to economic growth.
Energy

France is the world-leading country in nuclear energy, home of global energy giants 
Areva, EDF and GDF Suez: nuclear power now accounts for about 78% of the
country's electricity production, up from only 8% in 1973, 24% in 1980, and 75% in
1990. Nuclear waste is stored on site at reprocessing facilities. Due to its 
heavy investment in nuclear power, France is the smallest emitter of carbon dioxide
 among the seven most industrialized countries in the world.

Agriculture
France is the world's sixth largest agricultural producer and EU's leading
agricultural power, accounting for about one-third of all agricultural
land within the EU. In the early 1980s, France was the leading producer
of the three principal grains of wheat, barley, and maize
• Tourism
France has been the world's most popular tourist destination for decades, and
geographically, it is one of the most diverse countries in Europe. Its cities are holiday hot
spots and contain some of the greatest treasures in Europe, its countryside is prosperous
and well tended, and it boasts dozens of major tourist attractions, like Paris, the French
Riviera, the Atlantic beaches, the winter sport resorts of the French Alps, as well as the
castles of the Loire Valley, Brittany, and Normandy. The country is renowned for its
gastronomy, particularly wines and cheeses, as well as its history, culture, and fashion
industry.

Tourism in France directly contributed 79.8 billion euros to gross domestic product (GDP)

in 2013, 30% of which comes from international visitors and 70% from domestic tourism
spending. The total contribution of travel and tourism represents 9.7% of GDP and
supports 2.9 million jobs (10.9% of employment) in the country.

France was visited by 89 million total foreign tourists in 2018, the most of any country in
the world
 Arms industry
The French arms industry's main customer, for whom they mainly build warships, guns, nuclear
weapons and equipment, is the French government

Fashion and luxury goods

According to 2017 data compiled by Deloitte, Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessey (LVMH), a
French brand, is the largest luxury company in the world by sales, selling more than twice the
amount of its nearest competitor

Moreover, France also possesses 3 of the top 10 luxury goods companies by sales (LVMH, 
Kering SA, L'Oréal), more than any other country in the world
Architecture of france
Palace of Versailles
Architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart created the
elegant Baroque facade and lavish interior of the
Château de Versailles, which is designated as
a UNESCO World Heritage Site. More than just a
royal residence, Versailles was designed to show
off the glory of the French monarchy.
Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres Mont Saint-Michel
For more than eight centuries, the The main tourist attraction, the Abbaye de Saint-
magnificence of Chartres Cathedral has Michel is a marvel of medieval architecture with
inspired the faithful, and some say this soaring Gothic spires.
sublime sanctuary has restored belief in the
doubtful. The UNESCO-listed cathedral
exemplifies the glory of medieval Gothic
architecture.
Education and foreign student
France is the ideal place to study abroad , thanks to its rich culture, gastronomy, architecture, and thriving student
life!
Studying in France gives the opportunity to study the language,art,architecture and culture.
France is the famous for art, architecture and fashion related studies. For these type of opportunities many
students come France to study from many foreign countries.
 The Big Investment Plan 2018-2022

The Government has embarked on a Big Investment Plan worth 57 billion euros, which will be implemented throughout the current five-year term
to support structural reforms and respond to four major challenges facing France: carbon neutrality, access to employment, competitiveness through
innovation and the Digital State.

The Big Investment Plan (GPI) is based on four priorities: accelerating ecological transition (20 billion euros), building a skilled
society (15 billion euros), securing competitiveness through innovation (13 billion euros) and creating the Digital State (9 billion
euros).
1. ACCELERATING ECOLOGICAL TRANSITION

•9 billion euros to improve the energy efficiency of housing for low-income households and public buildings. Buildings
account for 20% of greenhouse gas emissions;
•4 billion euros to improve the daily mobility of French people, since transport accounts for a third of greenhouse gas
emissions or fine particles;
•7 billion euros to finance a 70% increase in the renewable energy production capacity. The aim is to accelerate
ecological transition (for example through smart and sustainable city projects and developing alternative energy sources) and
to finance initiatives to change the behaviour of individuals and businesses.

2.INCREASING SKILLS AND EMPLOYMENT

•The objectives of the GPI in this area are to:train and assist two million low-skilled people in finding employment in order to
provide a concrete response to unemployment among the least skilled workers, for whom the unemployment rate is 18%;
•fund experiments in national education and support changes at undergraduate level, in order to improve the initial training of
young people, their guidance at sixth-form college and at university and their professional integration.
3.STRENGTHENING INNOVATION AND COMPETITIVENESS

•3.5 billion euros to support French scientific excellence. The priority is to shore up the emergence of large, world-class,
integrated universities, energising the entire system of higher education and research;

•4.6 billion euros to improve business innovation, which is at the heart of French competitiveness. The Big Investment Plan
will encourage risk-taking in the sectors of tomorrow, such as artificial intelligence, the use of mega data, nanotechnology and
cyber security;

•5 billion euros could be invested to accelerate the adaptation of tools and changes in agricultural practices, fishing, agri-
food and the forest-timber sector, which are all key sectors.

4. BUILDING THE DIGITAL STATE

•4.4 billion euros to increase the agility of the State and improve the quality and accessibility of public services. The Big
Investment Plan aims to make 100% of public services electronic (excluding the issuance of identity cards) and must lead to a
lasting reduction in public spending by 2022;

•4.9 billion euros to accelerate the digitisation of the health and social cohesion systems. The aim is to develop
multidisciplinary health centres in areas where there is a shortage of doctors, modernise hospital equipment and support medical
research.
 THE BIG INVESTMENT PLAN WILL NOT INCREASE THE PUBLIC DEFICIT

•It will be funded through various channels:loans, equity or guarantee funds (11 billion euros), with an exceptional mobilisation
by the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations (State-owned financial institution which carries out public interest missions on behalf
of French central, regional and local authorities);

•the activation or redirecting of existing investments (12 billion euros);

•new fiscal measures (24 billion euros).

Finally, the GPI will finance the Investments for the Future 3 Programme (10 billion euros), for which the priorities have been
established but not yet financed.

25 September 2017: submission of the Pisani-Ferry report and detailed presentation of the Big Investment Plan by the Prime Minister
 
4 July 2017: announcement of the Big Investment Plan by the Prime Minister during his General Policy Statement
History of housing
France has a long tradition of social and state intervention in the provision of housing. In 1775, the Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans was built
with a part dedicated to house workers.In the 19th century the cités ouvrières (company towns) appeared, inspired by the Phalanstère of 
Charles Fourier After World War II the population increased at a rate previously unknown, the rural exodus increased and war damage had
reduced the number of houses in many cities. Rental prices dramatically rose so the government passed a rent control law in 1949. That
effectively ended the economic benefits of housing investment. Also, construction was strictly regulated, which made building very difficult
without political support.

The government launched a huge construction plan, including the creation of new towns ("villes nouvelles") and new suburbs with HLM
(Habitation à Loyer Modéré, "low-rent housing"). The state had the money and the legal means to acquire the land and could provide some
advantages to the companies that built the huge housing complexes of hundreds of apartments. Quality was also effectively regulated, resulting
in decent or even top-quality housing for the 1950s and 1960s.
Aim & objectives-
The Government has developed a strategy to change the housing situation in light of the changing social and economic
environment. In a society where the digital is omnipresent, the relationship with work is shifting.

Mobility has become a key factor both at professional and societal level. France needs housing that is in tune with new
modern ways of living, more connected, more eco-friendly, more versatile and better suited to the diversity of individuals’
life courses.

Beyond the adaptation of housing, demand for housing has continued to increase. This demand is particularly strong in
town centres and metropolises where the housing deficit causes a rise in rents, alienating the least privileged and
consequently also impeding social and geographic mobility.

Today, a mobility policy calls for a housing policy that frees up construction, lifts constraints, frees up land and shortens
procedures, which are all objectives for ensuring the sufficient production of housing to meet French people’s need for
decent housing
1.BUILD MORE, BETTER QUALITY AND AFFORDABLE HOMES

•Simplify standards, in order to build more homes more quickly: "no new standards over the five-year term, except of
course for safety standards" said Minister of State, Julien Denormandie.
 
•Speed up procedures and tackle the abuse of appeal against building permits, reducing the duration of procedures from
an average of 24 to 10 months. The aim is to improve the regulation of appeal procedures, to limit the time it takes for cases to
be dealt with to 10 months where apartments blocks are concerned, and to increase the penalties imposed for the abuse of
process. 30,000 building works are currently obstructed due to the abuse of appeal.
 
•Facilitate the conversion of empty offices into homes: for disused offices to be renovated or converted into homes, a
buildability bonus will be introduced, standards will be adapted to make conversions easier, and office owners will be
encouraged to renovate them. By 2020, 500,000 m² of empty office space will be converted into homes.
2.DEVELOP SOCIAL HOUSING
•Reorganise the rent-controlled housing sector to build more social housing, by providing organisations with new tools to
reorganise themselves. The 800 existing social housing associations will be grouped together to improve their management and their
solidity, as well as their financial strength. Every département will retain at least one group of rent-controlled housing associations.
 
•Review the situation of existing social housing tenants every three years, to offer them more suitable, alternative housing in cases
where their needs may have changed.
 
•Home ownership for tenants of rent-controlled housing will be made easier, with the sale of up to 40,000 housing units per year
(less than 1% of the housing stock), up from 8,000 currently. This will make it easier for occupants to purchase property, will
strengthen social diversity and will allow rent-controlled housing associations to invest in building new homes and to renovate their
properties: each unit sold funds the construction of 2 to 3 new homes, or the renovation of 3 to 4 existing homes. Hence, 40,000
homes sold = 100,000 to 120,000 homes built.
 
•Provide greater transparency in the allocation of social housing, by generalising the scoring system (transparent and objective) in
large agglomerations. On this subject, Minister Julien Denormandie has stated: "we are going to make the selection criteria for social
landlords transparent, clear and public".
 
•Allocate at least 50% of social housing to eligible applicants with the highest incomes in urban-policy neighbourhoods, in
order to foster social diversity. Symmetrically, allocate at least 25% of social housing to the lowest-income households in areas
outside urban-policy neighbourhoods, to enable people to live elsewhere than in the most impoverished neighbourhoods. It will no
longer be possible to reduce these two lower thresholds.
3.MEET THE NEEDS OF EVERY INDIVIDUAL
•Creation of a "mobility lease" to facilitate professional mobility (for tenants undertaking professional training, apprenticeships,
internships or civic service volunteering): this is a rental agreement lasting between one and 10 months, which is non-renewable and
does not require a security deposit (the VISALE guarantee for landlords).
 
•Creation of VISALE, a free rental guarantee for all students, which means they no longer have to ask a third party to provide a
deposit.
 
•Facilitate the requisitioning of vacant premises to house homeless people. This entails reforming the requisition process in order
to requisition premises that have been empty for more than one year for the purpose of providing accommodation, for a maximum
period of two years. In Île-de-France, 3.5 million m² of office space lie empty today.
 
•Authorities who wish to will be able to apply rent controls on a trial basis. The creation of private rent watchdogs will be
generalised in areas which are under strain, to improve objective knowledge of rents.
 
•Landlords will finally have a solution for renting out their vacant property for periods of only a few months. Previously, they
had to be tied in for one or even several years.
 
•Reinforce criminal and financial penalties for the abuse of tourist rentals: the point is not to question rentals by private
individuals, but to combat the removal of thousands of homes from the market when the tourist rental is abusive and fails to comply
with regulations (most often, this concerns cases where the rental period exceeds 120 nights a year or where accommodation which
could be rented out remains empty). Fines for individual owners can range from 5,000 to 10,000 euros, with those for platforms
ranging from 12,500 to 50,000 euros.
4.IMPROVE LIVING CONDITIONS
•Combat slum landlords and the deterioration of cooperatively owned apartment buildings, in particular through the
creation of a presumption of income (which allows tax proceedings to be undertaken), and the possibility for public authorities
to intervene more quickly. Additional penalties to prohibit the acquisition of new property, for a period of up to 10 years, and
the confiscation of property will be made systematic.
 
•5 billion euros to regenerate the run-down centres of mid-sized cities, by implementing territorial revitalisation operations
For several decades, our daily lives have been changing. We change jobs more often. Our relationship with work is shifting. We
are or would like to be more mobile than we were in the past. Family models are more diverse (reconstituted and single-parent
families, for example). Digital technology is omnipresent. We want to be more self-reliant and more responsible towards our
loved ones and the planet.

France is changing, but a home remains a basic need. It is the place of privacy, rest, family and study. It can also constitute an
asset or an investment.

Housing is often too expensive. Regulations, the cost of land, administrative procedures and legal actions: all of this can result in
higher bills for French people. In certain areas, the supply of housing is lower than demand, which contributes to rising prices.
Many mid-sized cities, on the other hand, suffer from abundant but ill-adapted housing and business closures. Too many people
are still the victims of poor housing.

Developed from the ground up, the ELAN bill provides a global response to these concrete issues.
It has two objectives:

•Open up and offer new opportunities: facilitate the building process while ensuring all stakeholders
are responsible for the objective to be achieved, in order to construct and renovate more buildings.
 
•Protect and give more to those who have less: strengthen the social housing model, promote
mobility in social housing and make allocations more transparent, combat substandard housing, but
also create new forms of solidarity and reduce the territorial divide.
Suggest policies appropriate for Bangladesh-

I think their policy pillar 3 and 4 are much appropriate for Bangladesh because in pillar 3 they planned to meet the needs of every
individual and protect the most vulnerable.In pillar 3 all type of people will be benefit
From this policy,like private and social housing tenants.buyers,young people student and those need emergency shelter.

In pillar 4 planned to improve living conditions .So in Bangladesh living conditions are not so good in all housing areas like slums
and poor areas.So if we activate policy the pillar 4 which will improve living conditions by improved housing, availability of quality
public services and enhanced economic development, and greater social diversity .

More other policies-

-Successful experiment and research with low income housing .

-Housing planning with economic class but affordable and sustainable for each class

-Corruption free planning with budget,land and others.

-Ensure proper functionality in housing design with proper facilities and equipment.

-Re designing ,replacing present housing which are not work properly.
References-

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sZGAzNjCxMLCxNTSwYIm4VcXJlJT0Rf8icUninvgUAVW8h_w&src=50c97a&via_page=1

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THANK YOU

ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED BY-

NUSRAT SARMIN
MD.MONIRUZ ZAMAN