 The Musculoskeletal System

 SEPARATING MIXTURE
 METHODS PROCESS EXAMPLES

DECANTATION OIL/H2O

EVAPORATION SALT SOLUTION

FILTRATION SAND / WATER

SIEVING FLOUR /SUGAR

USING MAGNET SAND/NAILS/IRON

Objectives
1.Define what Musculoskeletal System
 2. Identify the types of bones
 3. Differentiate the types of joints
The Bones of the body
Different bones make up the
human skeleton
• is a long bone that serves as a
strut between the shoulder blade

• is a flat triangular bone each

forming the back part of a
shoulder in human

• a flat narrow bone in the middle

of the chest to which ribs are
connected
• is a large irregular bone,
constricted in center and
expanded above and below
• - serves as pillar to support
body’s weight and to
protect spinal cord
• constitutes the upper leg, that part
of the leg above the knee.

• are the two long bones in the lower

leg they connects the knee and
ankle
CRANIUM- is the part of
the skull that encloses and
protects the brain.
RIB CAGE-is the wall of the
chest that encloses the heart
and the lungs.
 JOINTS

 The connections between two or more

bones and it enables you to bend your
arms, legs, and other part of your body.
A joint that allows movement is
called MOVABLE JOINT.

Ball and socket joint- type of joint

that allows the connected bones to
move.
Gliding joints- is responsible for
smooth and continuous gliding
movement.
Pivot joint- is a type of joint that
allows bone to rotate around
another bone.
Fixed joint- do not allow
movement
CARTILAGES, LIGAMENTS
AND TENDONS

 Flexible tissue is called cartilage

 Connective tissues is called
ligaments.
 Fibrous tissues connects and attach
muscles to the bones is called tendons
The Muscles of the Body
 Muscles are tough and
elastic tissues that give
shape to the body. They
cover the entire human
body from head to foot.
 Frontalis
 Thin muscles that covers
your forehead. It enables
you to raise your eyebrow.
Orbicularis oculi
 Muscle that surround your
eyes. It enables you to blink
and wink your eyes.
Orbicularis oris
 Muscles that surround your mouth. It
enables you to to move your mouth,
whistle, chew and smile.
Sternocleidomastoid
 Muscles in your neck that enables
you to rotate your head, bend it
forward and backward.
Biceps
 Is the large two headed
muscle at the front of
the upper arm. This
enables you to move
your forearm toward
your shoulder
Deltoid
 Large triangular muscles
that enables you to swing
and rotate your arms.
Pectoralis

 Muscle that covers your

chest.
Abdominal

 Muscle that protect and allow you to

move your waist. It allows movement
in your belly region of the body.
Gluteus
 Largest muscle in your hips
and buttocks. These muscle
works when you jump or
climb.
Quadriceps

 Muscles in your thigh,

allow you to flex and bend
your knees.
Achilles
HOW MUSCLES WORK
 VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
 Muscles that can be controlled and when you only intend to
move them.

 EXAMPLES
 INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE
 These muscles are cannot be controlled. They moving on
their own.

 EXAMPLE
 TYPES OF MUSCLES
 Cardiac Muscles- are involuntary muscles made up of striped or striated
muscles.

 Smooth Muscles- are involuntary muscles that are mainly found in the walls
of hollow internal organs, such as blood vessels, intestines, and glands.
These muscles are non-striated and spindle shaped or wide in the middle and
narrow at each end.

 Skeletal Muscles- are muscles that are attached to the bones of the skeleton.
They are made of many cylindrical fibers with a striated appearance.
COMMON INJURIES OF
THE
MUSCULOSKELETAL
SYSTEM
 FRACTURE- is a broken bone that results from a severe blow,
vehicular accident, or fall.
GREENSTICK FRACTURE
 Is a common fracture that is common among children. Bone is cracked and bent
without breaking completely

SIMPLE OR CLOSED FRACTURE

 Is a fracture in which the broken bone causes slight or no damage to the
surrounding tissues.

COMPOUND OR OPEN FRACTURE

 Broken bone that goes through skin

COMMINUTED FRACTURE
 Is a fracture that results when the bone is crushed into several pieces.
What should you do to help
someone who has sustained a
fracture?

1. Apply a cold compress on it to

lessen the pain.
2. Provide a splint, or a material
that used to protect the broken
part for the damage area.
SPRAIN
 Is an injury that occurs when the ligaments that
keep the bones together are overstretched or torn.

CRAMP
Is a sudden pain caused by the tightening or
contraction of muscles
 DISLOCATION- Is an injury that occurs when the bones in a joint are
displaced.
COMMON ILLNESSES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

 Arthritis- a condition that is very common to the elderly. It is the inflammation of

joints.

 Osteoporosis- is the condition in which the bones become weak and brittle as a result
of decreasing bone mass and enlargement of spaces in the bones.

 Rheumatism- is a condition that is characterized by the inflammation

 RICKETS- a deficiency characterized by deformed or soft bones, lacks vitamin D
and other bone minerals.

 SCOLIOSIS- is a condition characterized by the abnormal curvature of the

backbone.
 Proper Care for the Musculoskeletal System

1. Eat the right kinds of food.

2. Maintain good posture.
3. Have enough exercise
4. Have enough sleep.