Disaster prevention

and Mgt
Aden Adde International University

Lecturer: Abdirahman Moalim Hassan

(BSCN, Master of Health service Mgt , Candidate PhD of Nursing

Science )

Cabdirahman05@gmail.com

252615218180

LECTURE FIVE
Developing Solutions for Refugees
 Developing Solutions for
Refugees
Temporary protection

• Temporary protection is an immediate short-term

response when large numbers of people arrive after
fleeing armed conflict, massive violations of human
rights, or other forms of persecution.

• The aim of temporary protection is to ensure protection

in the “frontline” countries of asylum or elsewhere.
• Countries of asylum may end temporary protection when
there is a fundamental change in the circumstances that
prompted people to flee.

• Countries of asylum should take care not to push for

premature returns since that can destabilize the home
country.
• Countries of asylum must identify and protect persons
who cannot return to their home countries.

• UNHCR’s working definition of a refugee emergency is

“any situation in which the life or well-being of the
refugees will be threatened unless immediate and
appropriate action is taken, and which demands an
extraordinary response and exceptional measures”.
• The aim of emergency response is to provide protection
and ensure that the necessary assistance reaches people
in time.

• The country of asylum is responsible for the safety,

assistance, and law and order requirements for refugees
on its territory.
• When the circumstances under which large numbers of
people flee indicate that members of the group could be
considered individually as refugees, it makes sense for the
country of asylum to use “prima facie”(on the first
appearance or group status determination.
• Governments often rely on the international community
to help share the financial burden of emergencies.

• Agreements that divide responsibilities in emergencies

help to avoid duplication of effort and close gaps in
assistance.
 Impacts
The greatest and most immediate danger of deforestation is that
gradually diminishing forested areas contribute to or worsen
other disasters.

• For example, by removing vegetation that retains water,

deforestation can lead to flooding, drought and desertification
(drylands).

• By removing vegetation that stabilizes the soil, desertification

can lead to erosion, and an increased chance of landslides
during earthquakes.
 Impact on Agriculture and
Ecology
Deforestation's impact on food supply follows this chain of
events:

1. Deforestation

2. Erosion

3. Collapse of hillsides

4. Loss of topsoil and agricultural land.

5. Reduced productivity which leads to food insecurity.

 Impact on Economy
• Rising dependence on imported forest products.

• Already most of the Third World countries are net

importers of forest products, particularly paper.

• Foreign exchange shortages and high prices can hold a

nation's wood and paper consumption well below the
levels at which basic needs are satisfied.
• Acute scarcities of firewood wide areas of Africa, Asia, and
Latin America.

• Rising firewood prices are also another inflation source.

• In parts of West Africa and Central America, urban

families spend one-fourth of their income on wood or
charcoal for cooking.

• Deforestation and wood scarcity have an especially

harmful impact on housing in poor countries
 Management
forestry measures alone will not be enough to solve the
deforestation problem. Many of the underlying sources of
deforestation originate outside the scope of forestry.
• In order to stop the destructive spread of cultivation,
national development patterns must provide the
destroyers with alternative ways to feed themselves; in
particular, crop yields and employment must be boosted
on the lands best suited to farming.
 Drought and famine
Drought

• is defined as a water shortage caused by deficiency of rainfall and

differs from other natural hazards in three ways:

• Drought is lack or insufficiency of rain for an extended period that

severely disturbs the hydrologic cycle in an area.

• Droughts involve water shortages, crop damage, and depletion of

groundwater and soil moisture.

• Drought is the most serious hazard to agriculture in nearly every

part of the world.
• A famine is a phenomenon in which a large percentage of
the populations of a region or country are so
undernourished and that death by starvation becomes
increasingly common.

• In spite of the much greater technological and economic

resources of the modern world, famine still strikes many
parts of the world, mostly in the developing nations.
Famine is associated with naturally-occurring
• crop failure ,epidemic , war and genocide.

• Drought has long been recognized as one of the most

causes of human misery.

• It has today the unfortunate distinction of being the

natural disaster that annually claims most victims.
• While generally associated with semiarid climates, drought can
occur in areas that normally enjoy adequate rainfall and moisture
levels.

• In the broadest sense, lack of water for the normal needs of

agriculture, livestock, industry, or human population may be termed
a drought.

• The cause may be lack of supply, contamination of supply,

inadequate storage or transportation facilities, or abnormal
demand.

• Drought is usually accompanied by hot, dry and may be followed by

damaging floods.
 Geographical Distribution
• Droughts occur in all of the world's continents.

• In recent decades, the most severe and devastating to

human populations have been in Africa, perhaps giving the
impression those droughts is principally an African
problem.
• In addition to the droughts in the African , there have
recently been major droughts in northeast Brazil, Chile,
Ethiopia, the Philippines and India.
The end
Thanks