THE SCIENCE OF

DISASTERS
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GROUP MEMBERS
FORTO, JUNNIE S.
FRONDARINA, VINCE T.
GAPPI, RHEA MAE A.
GARCIA, KIMBERLY A.
GUIYAB, N/A, HAZEL P.
HABACS, JAYSON A.
JASMIN, ERNESTO M.
KILLIP, BIAG DUZZLE TORNADO B.
• A DISASTER is defined as a "sudden or great misfortune" or simply
"any unfortunate event." More precisely, a disaster is "an event whose
timing is unexpected and whose consequences are seriously
destructive.“

• A disaster is a natural or man-made event that negatively affects life,

property, livelihood or industry often resulting in permanent changes
to human societies, ecosystems and environment." ... Certain types of
natural disasters are more likely to occur in particular parts of the
world
• Disaster, as defined by the United Nations, is a serious disruption of
the functioning of a community or society, which involve widespread
human, material, economic or environmental impacts that exceed the
ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own
resources.
• Disasters are not restricted to records and information resources. The
death of an essential employee, a poisoning, an explosion, a fire, or a
chemical spill are disasters that adversely affect the University. The
University, as a whole, must protect all of its assets. Your plan must be
tailored to meet the needs of your department, facility, and types of
information.
• However, a fourth element, lack of foresight or planning, is
sometimes added. Disasters occur with unnerving frequency.
Their adverse consequences increase for those who do not
prepare for predictable contingencies. A disaster prevention
and recovery plan can help protect all of the University's
assets including people, jobs, records, vital records, and
facilities.
 WHAT ARE THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF
DISASTER?
A DISASTER is a result from the combination of a hazard , vulnerability and
unsufficient capacity or measures to reduces the potential chances of risk.
A DISASTER happen when a hazard impacts on the vulnerable population and
causes damage , casualties and disruptions.
The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which
could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time,
determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability
and capacity.
 D-I-S-A-S-T-E-R
• D-istructions
• I-ncidents
• S-ufferings
• A-dministrative ,Financial failures
• S-entiments
• T-ragedies
• E-ruptions of communicable diseases
• R-esearch programs and its implementations
 TWO TYPES OF DISASTER

• NATURAL
• MAN MADE
 NATURAL DISASTER
• A natural disaster is characterized by the abnormal intensity of
a natural agent (flood, mudslide, earthquake, avalanche,
drought) when the usual measures to be taken to prevent this
damage were not be able to prevent their emergence or were not
able to be taken.
 MAN MADE DISASTERS

• Man made disasters are extreme hazardous events that

are caused by human beings. Some examples of man
made disaster emergencies include chemical spills,
hazardous material spills, explosions, chemical or
biological attacks, nuclear blast, train accidents, plane
crashes, or ground water contamination.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT:
TYPES OF VULNERABILITY
 VULNERABILITY

• It is the characteristics and

circumstances of a community, system
or asset that make it susceptible to the
damaging effects of hazard.
 FACTORS OF VULNERABILITY

• POPULATION DENSITY
• AGE OF POPULATION
• DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
4 TYPES OF VULNERABILITY
 PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY

• It may determined by aspects such as population

density levels, remoteness of settlement, the site design
and materials used for critical infrastructure and for
housing. (UNISDR).
 SOCIAL VULNERABILITY

• Refers to the inability of people , organization and

societies to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to
characteristics inherit in social interactions, institutions
and system of cultural values.
 ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY
•  The level of vulnerability is highly dependent upon the
economic status of individuals, communities and nations The
poor are usually more vulnerable to disasters because they lack
the resources to build sturdy structures and put other
engineering measures in place to protect themselves from being
negatively impacted by disasters. 
ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY

• Natural resource depletion and resource degradation are

key aspects of environmental vulnerability.
 DISASTER EFFECTS
• In a disaster, this may cause you a physical injury or maybe
your life may be in danger.
• You may also loss your home or property.
• It may also cause emotional and physical health problems,
Stress reactions after a disaster look very much like the
common reactions seen after any type of trauma.
 THREE PHASES OF DISASTER
• PREPERATION
• RESPONSE
• RECOVERY
 PREPARATION

• Preparation means a government with

people and the civic bodies must be
prepared always. They must have
knowledge about what to do and also if any
disaster happens, then how to reduce effect.
 RESPONSE

• Response means that search and rescue

should include the making of the availability
of all human needs. These are foods, shelter,
medical help etc.
 RECOVERY

• Recovery is the least phase and it is being

done after the threat of the disaster is over. It
includes the main task for bringing the
affected area and people back to their
normal condition.
DISASTER IMPACTS
 PHYSICAL IMPACTS
• DEATH
• PHYSICAL INJURY/DISABILITY
• POLLUTION & OUTBREAK OF DISEASES
• CHANGES IN GEOGRAPHY
 ECONOMIC IMPACTS
• UNEMPLOYMENT
• PROPERTY LOSS
• EXPENSIVE MEDICAL TREATMET
 SOCIAL IMPACTS
• PROBLEMS IN SOCIAL NETWORKING
• SOCIAL UNREST
• CASTE AND COMMUNAL DISCRIMINATION
• ABSENTEEISM FROM WORK/SCHOOL
 PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS
• ANXIETY
• STRESS
• BEHAVIOURAL DISORDER
 POSITIVE IMPACTS OF
DISASTERS
• Natural Disasters Provide People with a Greater
Respect and Appreciation for Nature.
• Natural disasters Give Communities a Chance to
Improve Infrastructure and Re-Prioritize Community
Needs.
WHAT SHOULD YOU HAVE IN
YOUR DISASTER
PREPEREDNESS PLAN?
 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS KIT
• FOOD
• WATER
• FIRST AID EQUIPMENT
• Other staff which is vital to have on hand during an emergency.
 MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

• Remember when you’re making you’re

disaster preparedness kit that your
family might not necessarily be
together.
 ESCAPE PLAN

• Make an escape plan if you have to get

out of your house quickly.
 EMERGENCY FINANCIAL FUND

• Disasters are not only disasters for your home but

they can also have a pretty disastrous effects on
your finances.
 SHUT OFF UTILITIES

• Make sure that you shut off your utilities in

the wake of disaster is essential. Don’t
forget about your electricity supply too.
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
 PACIFIF RING OF FIRE
• The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is
a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active
volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. The majority of Earth’s
volcanoes and earthquakes take place along the Ring of Fire.
 PACIFIF RING OF FIRE
•  Its length is approximately 40,000 kilometers (24,900 miles). It traces
boundaries between several tectonic plates—including the Pacific, Juan de
Fuca, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine
Plates.
• Seventy-five percent of Earth’s volcanoes—more than 450 volcanoes—
are located along the Ring of Fire. Ninety percent of Earth’s earthquakes
occur along its path, including the planet’s most violent and
dramatic seismic events.
 PACIFIF RING OF FIRE
• The abundance of volcanoes and earthquakes along the Ring of Fire is caused by
the amount of movement of tectonic plates in the area. Along much of the Ring of
Fire, plates overlap at convergent boundaries called subduction zones. That is, the
plate that is underneath is pushed down, or subducted, by the plate above. As rock
is subducted, it melts and becomes magma. The abundance of magma so near to
Earth’s surface gives rise to conditions ripe for volcanic activity. A significant
exception is the border between the Pacific and North American Plates. This
stretch of the Ring of Fire is a transform boundary, where plates move sideways
past one another. This type of boundary generates a large number of earthquakes as
tension in Earth’s crust builds up and is released.
PACIFIC TYPHOON BELT
 PACIFIC TYPHOON BELT

• The Philippines straddles the typhoon belt, an area

in the western Pacific Ocean where nearly one-
third of the world's tropical cyclones form. This area
is not only the most active in the world, but also has
the most intense storms globally.
 PACIFIC TYPHOON BELT
• Why it is called typhoon belt?
• Its location. The Philippines is located in a large Pacific Ocean region
where many of the Earth's volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur
(the Ring of Fire). It's also in a weather pathway near the
equator known as the “Typhoon Belt.” This makes the Philippines
one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world.
 THE COUNTRY’S RISK AND
VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS
 THE COUNTRY’S RISK AND
VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS
• The Philippines is one of the most natural hazard-prone
countries in the world. The social and economic cost of natural
disasters in the country is increasing due to population growth,
change in land-use patterns, migration, unplanned urbanization,
environmental degradation and global climate change.
 THE COUNTRY’S RISK AND
VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS
• At least 60% of the country's total land area, nearly 300,000
square kilometers (116,000 square miles), is vulnerable to
natural hazards, in large part due to the archipelago's location
along both the path of the tropical storms brewing in the
western Pacific and the Ring of Fire. This makes the
Philippines vulnerable to disasters.
DISASTER RECORDS IN THE
COUNTRY
DISASTER RECORDS IN THE COUNTRY

• In the past year, aside from the COVID-19 pandemic, two

major disasters occurred in the country: typhoon
Ulysses and Taal volcano eruption, halted public life,
business, and mobility which affected the Philippines'
economy.
DISASTER RECORDS IN THE COUNTRY

• The Philippines is one of the most high-risk countries in

the world for experiencing natural disasters. The list of
possible natural disasters includes earthquakes, floods,
mudslides, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. The
Philippines is considered to be one of the most storm-
exposed countries on Earth.
DISASTER RECORDS IN THE COUNTRY

• The year that the Philippines have the most number of

disasters. Although 2011 recorded the highest number of
natural disasters at 367 (Figure 2), the highest number of
deaths was recorded in 2013 at 7,056, the year when
Typhoon Yolanda hit Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao in
November, and a 7.2 magnitude earthquake affected
Bohol in October.