NSTP GROUP

REPORT
 Group 2
Leader :
Jason L. Leona
Members:
Edmar A. Ramos
Daisy Ann A. Medalle
Mikee C. Dela Crus
Beatriz S. Delarama
Arian E. Carpio
Abu-Thaibie Y. Alih
DISASTER

RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT

Disaster Risk Reduction &
Risk Reduction Management
■ The policy objective of anticipating and reducing risk is called
disaster risk reduction (DRR).
■ Although often used interchangeably with DRR, disaster risk
management (DRM) can be thought of as the implementation
of DRR, since it describes the actions that aim to achieve the
objective of reducing risk.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Hazard
■ Is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood & services, social
& economic disruption or environmental damage.
■ • Could be a potentially damaging phenomenon
• It could be natural or human-induced.
EXPOSURE

■ The degree to which the element at risk are likely to

experience hazard events of different magnitude.
VULNERABILITY
• Is the characteristics and circumstances of community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.

This may arise from various physical, social, economic and environmental factors.
VULNERABILITY HAS BEEN RELATED TO THE
FOLLOWING FACTORS:

■ Social Integration ■ Psychological & Physiological

■ Ethnicity
■ Locus of control
■ Age
■ Disability
■ Gender
■ Coping-style
■ Location
■ Individuals Perception
■ Status
■ Lifestyle
■ Wealth
■ Agility
■ Income
■ Mobility
■ Education
■ Experience
■ Family Type
CAPACITY
• Is the combination of all strengths and resources available within the community,
society or organization that can reduce the level of risk or effects of a disaster.
RISK

■ Is the combination of Probability of an event to happen and its negative consequences.

HAZARD X VULNERABILITY (exposure)

R= CAPACITY
DISASTER
Recipes and Remedies
■ A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard resulting in an event of
substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or
drastic change to the environment. A disaster can be ostensively defined as any tragic
event stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires,
or explosions. It is a phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and
destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people.

■ In contemporary academia, disasters are seen as the consequence of inappropriately

managed risk. These risks are the product of a combination of both hazard/s and
vulnerability. Hazards that strike in areas with low vulnerability will never become
disasters, as is the case in uninhabited regions.
CLASSIFICATION
Natural Disaster
■ A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects humans and/or the
built environment. Human vulnerability, and lack of appropriate emergency
management, leads to financial, environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss
depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their
resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation: “disasters occur when
hazards meet vulnerability”. A natural hazard will hence never result in a natural
disaster in areas without vulnerability.
Man-made or Human Induced Disaster
■ Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or human hazards.
Examples include stampedes, fires, transport accidents, industrial accidents, oil
spills and nuclear explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may also be put
in this category. As with natural hazards, man-made hazards are events that have
not happened, for instance terrorism. Man-made disasters are examples of specific
cases where man-made hazards have become reality in an event.
WHEN IS AN EVENT OF A DISASTER?

■ At least 20% of the population are affected & destroyed.emergency assistance or those
dwelling units
■ A great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood such as bancas, fishing boats,
vehicles and the like are destroyed.
■ Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable for at least a week, thus
disrupting the flow of transport and commerce.
■ Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry and livestock, and other agricultural
products, andDISASTER
■ Epidemics
WHY ARE DISASTER IMPACTS INCREASING?

1. Increased in population
2. Climate change
3. Increased vulnerability due to:
■ Demographic changes.
■ Increased concentration of
assetsEnvironmental degradation.
■ Poverty.
■ Rapid urbanization and unplanned
development.
LESSONS LEARNED
■ LGU as the first line of defence.
■ Early warning devise or equipment are vital in saving life.
■ Early warning and evacuation system to attain Zero Casualty.
■ Pre-positioning of organic resource capability for quick response.
■ Building-back better not building-back-elsewhere.
■ DRR measures to protect economic investments.
■ Help must be linked to initiative. Protracted relief could breed mendicancy, inhibit or
hold back local initiative and suppress native creativity.
■ Demand driven vs. donors driven.
■ Disaster Risk Reduction Plan must be considered basic input in the Regional
Development Master Plan
THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM
• Disaster legislation in the Philippines dates back in 1978, primarily reactive approach to
disasters, focusing heavily on preparedness and response. Other relevant legislation for
mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction into development includes land-use controls and
building codes. However, building codes are not strictly enforced and zoning ordinances
which are reported to have been relaxed over time.

• With the approval of the DRRM (Republic Act No. 10121) expect that there would
be a paradigm shift emphasizing disaster management to a disaster risk
management approach, with much greater importance given to reducing risk. The
RA was approved on 27 May 2010, and the Implementing Rules and Regulations
was crafted by the Task Force RA 10121 headed by the OCD.
THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
■ An Act Strengthening The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
System, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Framework, and Institutionalizing the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan,
appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes (DRRM Act 2010)
"We are not preparing for the world we live
in-we are preparing for the world we find
ourselves in.“

- Michael Mabee
https://readershook.com/quotes/prepping
ENVIRONMENTAL
AWARENESS
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS

■ The growth and development of awareness, understanding and consciousness toward

the biophysical environment and its problems, including human interactions and
effects. Thinking "ecologically" or in terms of an ecological consciousness.

■ Being environmentally aware means understanding how our behaviour impacts the
environment and committing to making changes to our activities to protect the
planet. 
DEFINITION OF TERMS
AIR POLLUTION
■ Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions,
chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold spores may be suspended as particles. 
Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution,
it's also called smog.
■ Some air pollutants are poisonous. Inhaling them can increase the chance, you'll have
health problems. People with heart or lung disease, older adults and children are at
greater risk from air pollution. Air pollution isn't just outside - the air inside buildings
can also be polluted and affect your health.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
■ The greenhouse effect is the way in which heat is trapped close to Earth's surface by
“greenhouse gases.” These heat-trapping gases can be thought of as a blanket wrapped around
Earth, keeping the planet toastier than it would be without them.
■ Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and water vapor. (Water
vapor, which responds physically or chemically to changes in temperature, is called a
"feedback.") Scientists have determined that carbon dioxide's warming effect helps stabilize
Earth's atmosphere. Remove carbon dioxide, and the terrestrial greenhouse effect would
collapse. Without carbon dioxide, Earth's surface would be some 33°C (59°F) cooler.
GLOBAL WARMING
■ Is the long-term heating of Earth's climate system observed since the pre-industrial period
(between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which
increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere.
■ refers to an aspect of climate change that result in increased average temperature of the
atmosphere, in particular the layer of air near to the earth's surface.
■ It can be caused by an increase in the amount of heat being received from the sun.
OZONE DEPLETION
■ Gradual thinning of Earth's ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of
chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other
human activities.
■ consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four
percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere (the ozone layer), and a much
larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around Earth's polar regions.[1] The latter
phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. There are also springtime polar 
tropospheric ozone depletion events in addition to these stratospheric events.
CLIMATE CHANGE
■ Climate change is a long-term change in the
average weather patterns that have come to
define Earth's local, regional and global
climates.
■ a change in global or regional climate patterns,
in particular a change apparent from the mid to
late 20th century onwards and attributed
largely to the increased levels of atmospheric
carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil
fuels.
WATER POLLUTION
■ is the release of substances into bodies of water that makes water unsafe for human use
and disrupts aquatic ecosystems. Water pollution can be caused by a plethora of
different contaminants, including toxic waste, petroleum, and disease-causing
microorganisms.
■ is the contamination of water bodies are pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged
directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful
compounds.
SOLID WASTE
■ Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water
supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials
including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from
industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations
■ Solid wastes are any discarded or abandoned materials.
■ Solid wastes can be solid, liquid, semi-solid or containerized gaseous material.
LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY
■ Biodiversity loss refers to the decline or disappearance of biological diversity,
understood as the variety of living things that inhabit the planet, its different levels of
biological organisation and their respective genetic variability, as well as the natural
patterns present in ecosystems
■ Includes the worldwide extinction of different species, as well as the local reduction or
loss of species in a certain habitat, resulting in a loss of biological diversity. 
TIPS & GUIDELINES:
■ Recycling materials into:

■ Paper
- More paper, depending on quality - 7 times
■ Cardboard
- Paper, jiffy bags, loft insulation, car bodies, packaging, animal bedding. Coffins
■ Cans
- New cans, car and aviation, bike frames, train tracks, pipes. Never losesquality
■ Plastics
- new bottles, car parts, bins, home composters. It can also be used to make clothing such as fleece jackets and
hats or fibre filling for sleeping bags and duvets. Plastic milk bottles are used in street and garden furniture
■ Glass
- Reused where possible (brown, clear) or crushed and turned into fine sand to be used as building sand, if
processed further can be used as floor and wall insulation and lightweight construction aggregate.
■ Tyres
- Surfaces for playgrounds, shock absorption, car parts, retreads, fuel, mulch for landscaping, 3G sports pitches
3R- Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
Ways to Reduse…
■ Boil only water you need
■ Buy only what you need
■ Buy things with less packaging
■ Cook food for only those eating
■ Switch off lights, monitors, appliances
■ Print on both sides of paper
■ Flush toilet only when needed
■ Solar powerInsulation in homes
■ Service vehicles and equip regularly
■ Use public transport
■ Walk
Ways to Reuse…
■ New ways of using materials
■ Reuse wrapping, boxes, plasticbags
■ 'Bag for life’
■ Repair rather than dispose
■ Composting (paper, wood, food)
■ Chip fat from local chip shop usedas diesel
■ Sell unwanted items
■ Re-use coffee cups
■ Print on both sides
■ Rechargeable batteries
■ Grey water harvesting
■ Rain water harvesting
Recycable Resources

■ Plastics.
■ Tins, aluminium, steel
■ Paper
■ Glass
■ Cardboard
■ Tetrapak
■ Clothing
■ Electronic equipment
■ Mobile phones
■ Spectacles
■ Tyres
■ Ink cartridges
■ Some building materials
Three Strands of Sustainability

■ Economic
■ Social
■ Environment
Sustainable development

■ Development that meets the needs of the

present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own
needs.
Ecological Footprint

■ Ecological footprint is a measure of human

demand on the Earth's resources.
■ Amount of natural resources required to sustain
our consumption and deal with our waste
Carbon Management

■ The process of managing an individual

or organisation's emissions of
greenhouse gases
■ CO2 reduction
RECOMMENDATION
■ Don't leave your rubbish lying around
■ Support conservation campaigns
■ Get your family and school thinking
aboutenvironmental issues everyday
■ Start a nature club
■ Plant trees-care for and nurture them
■ Encourage your community to recycle their waste
■ Promote anti-pollution awareness. demand car-
freedays
■ Create a garden! Grow fruits and vegetables.
Rewardyourself with nature's riches everyday
REMINDER !
The global environmental crisis affects every
one of us. Nobody can escape the global
consequences of these new environmental
realities. Their impacts will continue to be felt
by every human being and by every species
with which we share this planet. Our damaged
environment now concerns us all. We as
caretakers should address these global
environmental threats and challenges through
collective action.
ADOPT A TREE
& TREE PLANTING
Plants and trees are our natural capital. They are
fundamental to life on earth, offering food, medicine and
shelter. They also sequester carbon, fight pollution and bind
the soil.

The solution to catastrophic events like wildfires, floods and

pandemics lies in restoring green cover and restoring the
balance in nature. Planting or adopting trees can help
safeguard jobs, human health and essential natural resources
for millions of people.
Why adopt and plant trees?

By planting trees, you’d help reverse the loss of

green cover and attract birds and buzzing
pollinators. Trees also vastly improve air quality.

https://homeschoolsuperfreak.com/arbor-day-activities/
Being with nature improves cognitive function, enhances
memory and discipline. A walk in the park full of trees can also
relieve stress, empowering one’s state of mind.

“There is no doubt that engaging in tree planting activities

strengthens the communities. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic,
participants to our tree planting activities were reduced to
observe social distancing and health protocols. But it is important
to still take good care of our shelter by continuing to plant new
seedlings that will help us attain a sustainable our future,” said
regional executive director Francisco E. Milla, Jr.

Enhanced Biodiversity Conservation and Enhanced National

Greening Program (E-NGP) are among the top ten DENR
priority programs and projects of Environment Secretary Roy A.
Cimatu./DENR 6/ASSC/JLR/LGGL
What 5 things do trees need to grow?
Plants need five things in order to grow:
sunlight, proper temperature, moisture,
air, and nutrients. These five things are
provided by the natural or artificial
environments where the plants live.
6 simple steps to planting a tree

1. Soak

Soak the tree while you work to ensure the root ball is soaked
through, as a dry root ball could reject water from the surrounding
soil. Consider adding a seaweed product to the water to help the tree
avoid transplant shock and to improve root growth going forward.

2. Dig
It’s important to dig a hole that’s at least twice the size of the
existing root ball of the tree. Depth is more important than
width in most cases, so be sure to dig enough of a hole that the
existing roots can be completely covered. A bigger, deeper hole
is better, but you don’t have to go to any great lengths.
3. Improve
Improve your soil to help the plant survive in the long-term. In
clay soils, add some gypsum to improve the soil structure and
drainage, and well-rotted compost to provide organic matter and
further structure. In sandy soils, compost is a must as it helps
hold moisture around the roots. In all soils consider using a
good fertiliser to help feed the plant, such as a slow-release
fertiliser with microbial coating, or something as simple as
blood and bone.

4. Decant
Take the plant out of its pot in a way that keeps the roots as
intact as possible. Root disturbance in healthy stock will shock
the plant. If the plant is pot bound, or the roots have poor
structure, consider teasing out the very bottom.
 5. Plant
Place the plant in the hole, and back-fill it with soil to cover the
roots. Make sure the soil around the plant is firm, leaving a
slight well at the top so that when it rains the water gets caught
directly above the roots. This trick makes the most of any rain
that comes, which is important in our climate.

6. Water

Water the plant in. This ensures that the soil settles around the
plant, and the roots get good contact with the soil. It also
provides an important first drink if the soil is otherwise dry, and
provides deeper moisture even if it is already damp.

https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/goodliving/posts/2017/07/tree-planting-tips
 Thank you

"Between every two pines is a doorway to a new

world."

― John Muir