Green Buildings

Seminar
For
College of Engineering
Salahuddin University
Shamal Mufti
Erbil
2011
http://www.bing.com/images/search?
Quality Objectives
 Engineering science application
When science of engineering is applied under
:the principals of
Remediation of polluted sites*
Improving natural resources *
Providing healthy water, air, and land for *
human and other organisms habitats
we are in the frame of..…
.Environmental Engineering
Mufti
 Green Engineering
Definition: Seeks to reduce waste
of energy, water and materials
.used during construction

Mufti
Sustainable Designs
 L E E D / 1998

Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design

internationally recognized green building certification system
:Use strategies to improve
Energy saving
water efficiency
CO2 reduction
clean indoor air
}We need a Law to classify Green buildings due to LEED basis {

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1X8EgthqsQ0
Mufti
 Sustainable Development Strategy

Mufti
Mufti
 3. Development of Conceptual Model of Urban environmental and ecological Planning
3.2. Types of Urban environmental and ecological Planning
Types of environmental
Spatial Phase    
and ecological planning
Environmental and
ecological planning
concept
City Unit ▼ ▼
Environmental and
ecological basic planning
▼   ▼
Environmental and
Block Unit ecological detailed
planning
▼   ▼
Environmental and
Site Unit ecological construction
planning
Contents
•Environmental and ecological planning concept
•Planning by sector
  - Water circulation planning concept
  - Biodiversity planning concept
  - Wind channel and urban climate planning concept
•Environmental and ecological basic planning
•Planning by sector
  - Water circulation planning
  - Biodiversity planning concept
  - Wind channel and urban climate planning
▼
•Detailed planning by space/topic
  - Planning of environment friendly residential areas
  - Planning of parks and green areas
  - Planning of environment friendly transportation
▼
•Construction planning related to construction
  - Planning of rain  water reservoir
  - Planning of natural streams and creeks
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Green Building Criteria

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Natural
Light
Aluminum
sunshade
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Alternative Transportation

Biona electric power April 2010

Daylight harvest
Day light harvesting
Interior exterior light shelf
Day lighting device
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Kurdistan data is needed
Xeriscape landscapes

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Small Flows Regulations / USA
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 Solar Energy
Photo Voltic
PV

Shamal
Solar Thermal

Shamal
It is always better to talk about lumens
than watts when it comes to lighting
decisions.

Why?
Mufti
 Lumens 500 - 400
Incandescent bulb 40 watt XP-G 3.5 V LED / 3 watt

Generates 12 Lumens / watt Generates 60 Lumens / watt

It directs light to all directions It directs light to where is needed

 LED / Light Emitting Diode
Light output remains constant over time,
only decreasing towards the end of the
rated lifetime (at least 35,000 hours or 12
.years based on use of 8 hours per day)

Guess how much money is saved we – in

? Kurdistan - develop a Law for LED

Mufti
Mufti
 Lux Lx meter
Unit of measuring intensity
.(power ) of light per area
Bright office 400 Lux
Sunlight ( average day )=
32000 – 100 000 Lux
Lumen
Is related to eye sensitivity
Lumen / m2 = 1000 Lx 1000
Lumen / 10m2= 100 Lx 1000

http://www.brillianz.co.uk/data/documents/Lumen.pdf
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Shamal Mufti
Sridhar

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Shamal
Bloom Energy Fuel Cell
Natural gas + O2 Chemical reaction

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Bloom box
Wireless Electricity
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Toxic chemicals in our homes
 Possible causes
of
indoor air pollution
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Light efficiency Humidity control

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Sick buildings
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 National Institute of Environmental Research

Indoor Air Quality

Measurement
(Newly built house)
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Science Daily (May 14, 2009) —
Individuals exposed to relatively higher
amounts of formaldehyde had a higher
rate of death due to blood and lymph
system malignancies than those exposed
to lower levels of formaldehyde in a large
cohort study.

<0.1 ppm

Chamber for Measurement of Indoor Air Quality

Mufti
 Formaldehyde Sources
Wood products + pressed wood products *
UFFI, Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation *
Curtains, textiles *
Glues *
Recommended not to exceed (0.1)ppm

Mufti
 Formaldehyde Reduction

The EPA recommends the use of “exterior-grade”

pressed wood products to limit formaldehyde
exposure in the home. Before purchasing pressed
wood products, including building materials,
cabinetry, and furniture, buyers should ask about
the formaldehyde content of these products.
Formaldehyde levels in homes can also be
reduced by ensuring adequate ventilation,
moderate temperatures, and reduced humidity
levels through the use of air conditioners and
dehumidifiers
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Montreal Protocol 1987 { ODS }

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 Natural Radiation
Everywhere 50%

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/bio-effects-radiation.html
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 Rn Facts
Ernest Rutherford in 1899 / English physicist*
discovered alpha radiation from Rn
Friedrich Ernst Dorn in 1900 / German physicist •
discovered the gas released from Radium

Mufti
 Radon gas Rn
No safe levels*
Decay product of Uranium
Accumulate in attics, basements, spring waters &
.hot springs
About 20,000 lung cancer deaths are caused {
by radon gas each year in USA / EPA & Surgeon’s
}General Office

http://www.doctoroz.com/videos/ask-dr-oz-anti-cancer-edition-pt-2

Mufti
Mufti
 Perma flex/Silicon rubber

http://www.sanitred.com/Radon.htm?utm_source=yahoo&utm_medium=cpc Mufti
 Poured Concrete Basement

Before After

Silicon rubber
Radon Levels Considered dangerous and requires immediate
reduction: 100.0 picocuries
Level of Radon considered acceptable: Below 4.00 picocuries
Radon Levels Immediately after SANI-TRED Installation: Main
Living Area 0.2  picocuries
http://www.doctoroz.com/videos/ask-dr-oz-anti-cancer-edition-pt-2
Normal Lung
Spongy

Cancer Lung
Hard
Noise Reduction
 WHO
indicates that radon exposure is a major and
growing public health threat in homes and
recommends that countries adopt reference
levels of the gas of 100 Bq/m3 which is
.equivalent to 2.7 pCi/L

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 Inexpensive Tests
Radon-in-water Test Kit
Alpha Track Long-term Test Kit

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 Toxic gas detector

CO2 analyzer
 SO2   NO2   NO   CO   NH3   H2S   HCN
HCl   H2   O2   O3   EtO   Cl2  SiH4  F2
 AsH3  PH3   ClO2   CCl2O   HF
Mufti
Air purifier

Carbon Air
purifier Mufti
smoke and carbon monoxide detectors
Damp rooms are perfect
dehumidifier
breeding grounds for
.mold, mildew & fungus

Dust mite population

rapidly increase when
RH becomes 50%

Mufti
Other Negative Impacts of Humidity
Electrical items ( might irritate wires ) *
Paints *
Corrosion ( metals ) ( antiques ) *
.Wood warp causing doors, draws to stick *
Bad ( musty ) small *
Relative humidity (RH) should be within certain
limits for control of the health aspect.
Bacteria, 20 - 70% RH
Viruses, 40 - 80% RH
Fungi, 0 - 70% RH
Mites, 0 - 60% RH
Respiratory infections, 40 - 50% RH
Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma, 40 - 60% RH
Chemical interactions, 0 - 40% RH
Ozone production, 75 - 100% RH
Combined Health Conditions, 40 - 60% RH

Mufti
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Shamal Mufti
Eco-friendly Materials
Sand bags

Recycled glass Cement + cellulose fiber

Shamal Mufti
 Bamboo plants

Shamal Mufti
Clay
plaster
American
clay
Biological Health Impacts of Rn {millirem (mrem)}
Inhalation & Ingestion
A family whose home has radon levels of 4 pCi/l is
exposed to approximately 35 times as much radiation
as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission would allow if
that family was standing next to the fence of a
radioactive waste site. (25 mrem limit, 800 mrem
exposure)
.second Ci = 3.7×1010 decays per 1
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Shamal Mufti
 Questions
How much electricity, water and raw materials *
are needed for the construction of new
?buildings in Kurdistan Region per year

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Considerations

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 International Union of
Bricklayers and Allied Craft
.workers
Founded 1865 Members
100,000
USA & CA
www.bacweb.org

Don’t we need such

Union in Kurdistan?
To be trained by
?engineers

Shamal Mufti
Shamal Mufti
English Bond

Flemish bond

Shamal Mufti
 Top Eco-friendly Building 10
Products

Energy Efficient windows Silica sand insulation Zero VOCs

PLASTIC LUMBER LOW- AND NO-FORMALDEHYDE PRESSED WOOD products

Shamal Mufti http://homepower.com/view/?file=HP104_pg34_Connor

 Rat Trap Bond/ Chinese model

In the RTB bricks are placed on edge in 1:6 cement

mortar. With this technique there is reduction in
cost of the wall by 25%, as with conventional
English bond (9’’thk wall) 350 bricks are required
per cu. m whereas in Rat-trap bond only 280 bricks
are required 20% less bricks and also the reduced
number of joints reduces the mortar consumption.
No plastering of the outside face is required and
the air gaps created within the wall help make the
house thermally comfortable. Strength is equal
.to standard 10" (250mm) brick wall, but consumes

Shamal Mufti
Shamal Mufti
Shamal Mufti
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 How many trees are required to build
?a wooden frame house – 1500 ftsq

trees { 76 ft x 51 in }…110 Y old 2 -1

trees { 35 ft x 17 in }…. 34 Y old 24 -2
trees { 20 ft x 8.5 in } …17 Y old 100 -3
?Is this sustainable
FAO: the world lost 39.7 million acres
of forest each year during the 1990s
http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/newton/askasci/1995/
Shamal Mufti environ/ENV144.HTM
 National housing policy

In Finland, housing administration is the responsibility of

the Ministry of the Environment.
To improve:
1- The quality of housing construction through controls and
guidelines.
2- To improve the quality of the residential environment.

http://www.environment.fi/default.asp?node=4073&lan=en
Shamal Mufti
 ‫نةوةكانى ئايندة‬
‫‪Shamal‬‬