Chapter 1

SETS
Recalling

What is union?
What is intersection?
What are disjoint sets and overlapping sets?
What is a universal set?
 Objectives:
By the end of the period students will be able to learn
about:
 properties of sets
Date: 23-08-2021
 Properties of sets involving union and intersection:
 Commutative property:

Let A and B be any two sets, then commutative property

w.r.t to union is
AUB = BUA
Commutative law w.r.t intersection is
A∩B = B∩A 
 Associative property:
Let A,B and C be any three sets, then associative
property w.r.t to union is
AU(BUC) = (AUB)UC
Associative property w.r.t intersection is
A∩(B∩C) = (A∩B)∩C
 Properties of sets involving difference of sets:
 Let A and B be any two sets, then commutative
 A-B ≠ B-A

 Properties of sets involving complement of sets:

 Let U be the universal set and A be any set than:
 AUA' = U
 A∩A' = Ø
Ø ' = U
U ' = Ø
 Exercise 1.5
Pg: 15
 QA. Let A = {-1,-2,-3}, B = {-1,-4,-5,-6}
C={0,-1,-2,-3,-4} then verify:
 1) AUB = BUA

Solution:
L.H.S = AUB
AUB = {-1,-2,-3} U {-1,-4,-5,-6}
AUB = { -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6}
R.H.S = BUA
BUA = {-1,-4,-5,-6} U {-1,-2,-3}
BUA = { -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6}
L.H.S = R.H.S Hence proved
 Exercise 1.5
Pg: 15
 QA. Let A = {-1,-2,-3}, B = {-1,-4,-5,-6}
C={0,-1,-2,-3,-4} then verify:
 2) B-C ≠ C-B

Solution:
L.H.S = B-C
B-C = {-1,-4,-5,-6} - {0,-1,-2,-3,-4}
B-C = { -5, -6}
R.H.S = C-B
C-B = {0,-1,-2,-3,-4} - {-1,-4,-5,-6}
C-B= { 0, -2, -3}
L.H.S ≠ R.H.S Hence proved
 Exercise 1.5
Pg: 15
 QA. Let A = {-1,-2,-3}, B = {-1,-4,-5,-6}
C= {0,-1,-2,-3,-4} then verify:
 3) AUC = CUA

Solution:
L.H.S = AUC
AUC = {-1,-2,-3} U {0,-1,-2,-3,-4}
AUC = {0, -1, -2, -3, -4}
R.H.S = CUA
CUA = {0,-1,-2,-3,-4} U {-1,-2,-3}
CUA = { 0, -1, -2, -3, -4}
L.H.S = R.H.S Hence proved
 Exercise 1.5
Pg: 15
 QA. Let A = {-1,-2,-3}, B = {-1,-4,-5,-6}
C= {0,-1,-2,-3,-4} then verify:
4. (AUB)UC = (BUC)UA
Solution:
L.H.S = (AUB)UC
AUB = {-1,-2,-3} U {-1,-4,-5,-6}
AUB = { -1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6 }
(AUB)UC = { -1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6 } U { 0,-1,-2,-3,-4 }
(AUB)UC = { 0,-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6 }
 Exercise 1.5
Pg: 15
R.H.S= (BUC)UA
BUC = {-1,-4,-5,-6} U {0,-1,-2,-3,-4}
BUC = {0,-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6 }
(BUC)UA = {0,-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6 } U {-1,-2,-3}
(BUC)UA = {0,-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6 }
L.H.S = R.H.S Hence proved
 Exercise 1.5
Pg: 15
 QA. Let A = {-1,-2,-3}, B = {-1,-4,-5,-6}
C={0,-1,-2,-3,-4} then verify:
 6) A ∩ B = B ∩ A

Solution:
L.H.S = A ∩ B
A ∩ B = {-1,-2,-3} ∩ {-1,-4,-5,-6}
A ∩ B = { -1}
R.H.S = B ∩ A
B ∩ A = {-1,-4,-5,-6} ∩ {-1,-2,-3}
B ∩ A = { -1}
L.H.S = R.H.S Hence proved
 Exercise 1.5
Pg: 15
 QA. Let A = {-1,-2,-3}, B = {-1,-4,-5,-6}
C={0,-1,-2,-3,-4} then verify:
 7) B∩C=C∩B
Solution:
L.H.S = B ∩ C
B ∩ C = {-1,-4,-5,-6} ∩ {0,-1,-2,-3,-4}
B ∩ C = { -1,-4}
R.H.S = C ∩ B
C ∩ B = {0,-1,-2,-3,-4} ∩ {-1,-4,-5,-6}
C ∩ B= { -1, -4}
L.H.S = R.H.S Hence proved
 Exercise 1.5
Pg: 15
 QA. Let A = {-1,-2,-3}, B = {-1,-4,-5,-6}
C= {0,-1,-2,-3,-4} then verify:
 8) A-C ≠ C-A

Solution:
L.H.S = A-C
A-C = {-1,-2,-3} - {0,-1,-2,-3,-4}
A-C = { }
R.H.S = C-A
C-A = {0,-1,-2,-3,-4} - {-1,-2,-3}
C-A = { 0, -4}
L.H.S ≠ R.H.S Hence proved
 Exercise 1.5
Pg: 15
 QB.Let U = {10,11,12,…,20}, A = {10,12,14,16,18}
B={10,11,12,13,14,15} then verify:
(v) (AUB)' = A'∩B'
Solution:
L.H.S:
AUB = {10,12,14,16,18} U {10,11,12,13,14,15}
AUB = {10,11,12,13,14,15,16,18}
(AUB)' = ?
(AUB)' = U - AUB
(AUB)' = {10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20} -{10,11,12,13,14,15,16,18}
(AUB)' = {17,19,20}
R.H.S:
A' = ?
A' = U - A
= {10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20} – {10,12,14,16,18}
A' = {11,13,15,17,19,20}
B' = ?
B' = {10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20} - {10,11,12,13,14,15}
B' = {16,17,18,19,20}
A'∩B' = {11,13,15,17,19,20} ∩ {16,17,18,19,20}
A'∩B' = {17,19,20}
L.H.S = R.H.S Hence verified
 Exercise 1.5
Pg: 15
 QB.Let U = {10,11,12,…,20}, A = {10,12,14,16,18}
B={10,11,12,13,14,15} then verify:
(vi) (A ∩ B)' = A'UB'
Solution:
L.H.S:
A ∩ B = {10,12,14,16,18} ∩ {10,11,12,13,14,15}
A ∩ B = { 10,12,14}
(A ∩ B)' = ?
(A ∩ B)' = U - A ∩ B
(A ∩ B)' = {10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20} – {10,12,14}
(A ∩ B)' = {11,13,15,16,17,18,19,20}
R.H.S:
 A' = ?
 A' = U - A
 = {10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20} – {10,12,14,16,18}
 A' = {11,13,15,17,19,20}
 B' = ?
 B' = {10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20} - {10,11,12,13,14,15}
 B' = {16,17,18,19,20}
 A‘UB' = {11,13,15,17,19,20} U {16,17,18,19,20}
 A‘UB' = {11,13,15,16,17,18,19,20}
L.H.S = R.H.S Hence verified
Home work
Do Ex 1.5 Qb parts (i-iv)