MAN MADE

DISASTER

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 MAN MADE
DISASTER

• Disaster can be made where the cause is intentional or

unintentional.

• A disastrous event caused directly and principally by one or more

identifiable deliberate or negligent human actions. Also called
human-made disaster. 

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 TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTER

• Nuclear disaster
• Biological Disaster
• Chemical Disaster
• Fire accidents
• Road accidents
• Terrorism

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 NUCLEAR DISASTER

• It is a type of explosion driving its force from nuclear

reactions of fusion and fission.
• A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the
international atomic energy agency as “ an event that has led
to significant consequences to people, the environment or
the facility”.

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 CONSEQUENCES

• Radiation is released into the environment and people get

hurt.
• Nuclear radiation keeps on showing its effect for a
considerable period of time even after its explosion, and those
who survive become mental and physical wrecks due to the
impact of nuclear radiation.
• Two nuclear accidents
• Three mile island reactor 2
• Cherbonylreactor 4

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 PRECAUTIONS

• In case of a nuclear explosion, nothing much can be done. Some

precautions however may be taken.
• Listen the government plants and should act in accordance with
official communication.
• Common indicators of these disasters are vomiting, nausea, dizziness
etc.
• Close all doors and windows as radioactivity doesn’t penetrate into
solid structures.
• Don’t look at the fire as it causes instant blindness.

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 List of nuclear disasters
• 1945 Hiroshima
• 1945 Nagasaki
• 1957 Operation Plumbbob
• 1961 K-19 nuclear accident
• 1962 Thor missile launch failures during nuclear weapons testing at Johnston
Atoll under Operation Fishbowl
• 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster

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 BIOLOGICAL DISASTER

• It defines the devastating effects that

may be caused by an enormous
spread of a certain kind of living
organism- that may be the spread off
disease, a virus, an epidemics, but also
just a sudden growth of population of
certain kind of plants and animals e.g.
Ebola , swine flu

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 Causes

• Biological disaster spreads through the organism that is

developed in the form of BACTERIA or MICROBES. Biological
agent spread fast in the environment and then makes an
attack on the human beings. When these microbes find
themselves a host body , they start affecting the immune
system. Microbes also enter through woundsnad cuts

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 Consequences

• The attack of microbes is generally slow but once they

are spreadin the body , it becomes difficult to control
them.
• Many a time, it becomes difficult to diagnose the
illness caused by the microbes and it proves to be fatal.

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 Biological disasters may be in the form of:-
Epidemic-
Epidemic affecting a disproportionately large number of
individuals within a population, community, or region at the
same time, examples being Cholera, Plague, Japanese
Encephalitis (JE)/Acute Encephalitis  Syndrome (AES);
Pandemic -
Pandemic is an epidemic that spreads across a large region,
that is, a continent, or even worldwide of existing, emerging or
reemerging diseases and pestilences, example being Influenza
H1N1 (Swine Flu).
 CHEMICAL DISASTER

• By their nature, Chemical disaster may

be defined as the manufacture,
storage and transport of chemicals
which may lead accidents waiting to
happen. Chemicals can be corrosive,
toxic, and they may react, often
explosively.

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 Cause

• Chemical weapons are the main cause of such

disasters.
• Sometimes handling of hazardous chrmicals in an
irresponsible way can cause chemical disasters.
• Chemical disasters may also be caused by industrial
accidents

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 Consequences

• The impacts of chemical accidents can be deadly, for

both human and environment.
• The poisonous gases spread in the atmosphere and the
people who inhale the same air face dangerous
consequences.

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 Precautions

• Stringent safety measures and checkups in the factory

and critical analysis of the working condition of the
factory will help to take timely measures.

• Industries using hazardous chemicals or produce such

chemicals, should have contingency plan to help
people if disaster take place.

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 Bhopal disaster

• Gas leak on december 3, 1984-MIC(Methyl Iso Cyanate)

• 8000 People died, 50,000 injured
• Gas leaked from union carbide plant at night.
• Main effect-Pulmonary Edema, Skin and eye Damage (total
blindness)
• Secondary effect- Bronchitis, Bronchial pneumonia.

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 List of chemical disasters

• Bhopal Gas Tragedy,India

• The Banqiao Dam Collapse,china
• Benxihu Colliery Explosion, China
• The Halifax Explosion,Canada
• Savar Building Collapse ,Bangladesh
• Chernobyl Disaster,Ukraine

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 Technological disaster

• It is an event caused by the malfunction of a

technological structure and/or some human error in
controlling or handling technology.

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 Precautions

• The main reason is poor wiring and faulty electrical

euipment, leaking gas or carelessly thrown cigrettes and
matches.
• Wire should be properly covered
• Power points should not be overloaded

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 Fire accidents

• Accidents that are caused due to fire and are quite

common. Fire results in heavy damage both in terms of
life and property. Loss of life is high in crowded
building.e,g Building fire, Coal Fire

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 Building Fire
• When any building or living area is caught by fire and it
causes lots of damage is known as building fire.
• There are many causes of building fire such as-
1. Kitchen Stoves
2. Faulty Wiring
3. Smoking in Bed
4. Lighting
5. Flammable Liquids
6. Clothes Dryers
7. Candles
8. Home Heating
9. Children

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 Steps to avoid Building Fire
• Never leave the stove unattended.
• Check that electric cords, curtains, tea towels and oven cloths are at a safe
distance from the stove top.
• Always use a qualified electrician.
• Double adaptors and power-boards can overload power points.
• Install safety switches and correct fuses.
• Smoking in bed can be fatal - tiny embers can smoulder unnoticed and burst
into flame much later.

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 Steps to avoid Building Fire
• Always clean lint filters after each load.
• Never leave burning candles unattended. Do not sleep with a burning candle.
• Make sure all appliances are professionally installed.
• Check that walls and floors are insulated from heat sources.
• Never leave children unattended near fires and heaters.
• Warn all children about playing with fire

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 Forest Fire
• A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire in an area of
combustible vegetation

•  Wildfires are characterized in terms of the cause of

ignition, their physical properties such as speed
of propagation, the combustible material present,
and the effect of weather on the fire.
• They pose a threat not only to the forest wealth
but also to the entire regime to fauna and flora
seriously disturbing the bio-diversity and the
ecology and environment of a region.

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 Effects of Forest Fire
• loss of valuable timber resources
• degradation of catchment areas
• loss of biodiversity and extinction of plants and animals
• loss of wildlife habitat and depletion of wildlife
• loss of natural regeneration and reduction in forest cover
• global warming
• loss of carbon sink resource and increase in percentage of CO2 in
atmosphere.

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 Oil Fire

• Oil well fires are oil or gas wells that have

caught on fire and burn.
• Oil well fires can be the result of human
actions, such as accidents or arson, or
natural events, such as lightning.
• They can exist on a small scale, such as an
oil field spill catching fire, or on a huge
scale, as in geyser-like jets of flames from
ignited high pressure wells.

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 Effects of Oil Fire

• Oil well fires can cause the loss of millions of barrels of crude

oil per day.oil well fires such as those seen in Kuwait(1991) can
cause enormous economic losses.
• Smoke from burnt crude oil contains many chemicals,
including sulfur dioxide, carbon
monoxide, soot, benzopyrene, Poly aromatic hydrocarbons,
and dioxins.

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 Recent fire accidents in India
According to local reports  and eyewitnesses, the
explosion and fire were caused by sparks from a
firecracker being used in a competitive fireworks
display igniting fireworks in a concrete
storehouse.The temple did not have permission
from Kerala government authorities to conduct a
"competitive fireworks display". About 15,000
pilgrims were visiting the temple to mark
local Hindu celebrations during the last day of a
seven-day festival of the goddess Bhadrakali

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 Road accidents

• Traffic collision, also known as a motor

vehicle collision, traffic accident, motor
vehicle accident, car accident, road traffic
collision, road traffic accident, wreck, car
crash occurs when a vehicle collides with
another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road
debris, or other stationary obstruction, such
as a tree or utility pole.
• Traffic collisions may result in injury, death
and property damage

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 Causes of Road accidents

• Distracted Driving
• Speeding
• Drunk Driving
• Reckless Driving
• Running Red Lights
• Teenage Drivers
•  Unsafe Lane Changes
• Wrong-Way Driving
• Tailgating
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 Road accidents

• As per the data cited in the report, the country recorded at

least 4,80,652 accidents in 2016, leading to 1,50,785 deaths.
The number suggests that at least 413 people died everyday in
1,317 road accidents. Further breaking down the statistics, the
data reveals that at least 17 deaths occurred in road accidents
in 55 accidents every hour in the given time period.

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 Rail accidents

• A train wreck or train crash is a type

of disaster involving one or more trains.
• Train wrecks often occur as a result of
miscommunication, as when a moving train
meets another train on the same track; or
an accident, such as when a train wheel
jumps off a track in aderailment or when
a boiler explosion occurs.
• Train wrecks have often been widely
covered in popular media and in folklore
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 Rail accidents
• November 20, 2016 – Over 124 people were killed and 260 injured after Indore-Rajendra Nagar
Express 19321 derailed.
• February 5, 2016 – Four coaches of Kanyakumari-Bangalore City Express fell off track and injured a
few.
• May 25, 2015 – Muri Express derailed and killed four people and injured 50.
• March 20, 2015 – Dehradun-Varanasi Janta Express derailed and killed 58 people and injured 150.
• February 13, 2015 – Bangalore City-Ernakulam Intercity Express 12677 derailed in which 12 people
lost their lives and more than 100 were injured.
• June 25, 2014 – Dibrugarh-Rajdhani Express 12236 derailed near Chapra town of Bihar, killing four
and injuring eight.

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 Rail accidents

•  Utkal Express derailment, Aug 18, 2017.

• At least 23 people were killed and over 40 others injured when 14
coaches of Puri-Haridwar-Kalinga Express train derailed in Khatauli in
Uttar Pradesh's Muzaffarnagar district.

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 Air accidents

• An aviation accident is defined as an

occurrence associated with the operation of
an aircraft, which takes place between the
time any person boards the aircraft with the
intention of flight until all such persons have
disembarked, where a person is fatally or
seriously injured, the aircraft sustains
damage or structural failure or the aircraft is
missing or is completely inaccessible

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 Terrorism

• This is another type of disaster that results in loss of life and

property. Terriorist use violence and strike without warning.
They use bombs, guns etc to terrorize people.

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  November 2008 Mumbai
Terrorist Attacks
• The attacks began around 9:40 p.m. on Wednesday, November26, 2008.
The last of the attacks was declared at an end on the following Saturday morning,
November 29.
• Just 10 gunmen, Indian authorities say, were responsible for the attacks. 
• They came by boat from Pakistan and on landing in Mumbai Harbour, split up
into pairs and spread out across the city.
• They were from Jihadist group Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of the Pure). Despite their
proclaimed Islamist agenda, there were scores of Muslims amongst their victims.
The bodies of the nine gunmen who were killed remain unclaimed, in Mumbai’s
morgue: the Indian Islamic Council has declined to give them an Islamic burial

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 Terrorism

• 172 people were killed in the attacks.

• These included many local Mumbaikars, as well as visitors
from all over the world. At both hotels, many staff died or
were wounded as they attempted to protect their guests.

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 Parliament attack
• . The 2001 Indian Parliament attack was an attack at the Parliament of India in New Delhi on 13
December 2001.
•  29 October 2005 – Delhi Serial Bomb Blast
• 24 September 2002 Attack on Akshardham Temple Ahmedabad
• 12 March 1993 Mumbai Serial Bomb Blast

• India has witnessed the third highest number of terrorist

attacks in 2016, more than Pakistan that has slipped to the
fourth position, according to the latest data compiled by
the US State Department. 

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 REFERENCES

• WIKIPEDIA

• http://www.academia.edu/8610063/An_Introduction_to_Disaster_Management_Concept_a
nd_Meaning

• INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER MANAGEMENT BY SATISH MODH

• http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-management/about-disaster-management/

• ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES BY ERACH BHARUCHA

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