School of Computing Science and Engineering

Course Code: CSIO4700 Course Name: IoT for Industries

Internet of Things (IoT)

Design Considerations

Faculty Name: Mr. C.Vairavel Program Name:

 Prerequisite/Recapitulations

• Basic knowledge about IoT

 Objectives

• TO Study about Internet of Things (IoT) Design Considerations

 Cost
• Connecting products to the Internet of Things (IoT) is essential to manufacturers
looking to stay competitive within their industry.
• Adding IoT capabilities gives consumers more features. It also allows the
manufacturer to stay connected with their customer while discovering new
product use cases and applications that open them up to new revenue streams.
• These added benefits for both parties come with a cost though. Connected
devices come with higher manufacturing costs but can also be sold with a higher
price tag as well.
• Wi-Fi and Ethernet connections can be added to products for less than $10 in
bill of materials costs.
• technologies, such as ZigBee, Z-Wave and Bluetooth, can be added for a lower
price but may require a separate bridge device to get that device on the Internet
to access Cloud services.
 Network
• Manufacturers have many hardware and software options when it comes to
network technology for their IoT-enabled products.
• Some devices can be directly connected to the Internet using networking such as
Ethernet and Wi-Fi, which are based on the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP).
• Other products may use wireless technologies; some of which include TCP/IP,
but in the end will require a “gateway” to convert the chosen network to either
Ethernet or Wi-Fi.
 Power
• Power considerations need to be made when connecting a product to the IoT.
Products already using a wall outlet will not have an issue.
• Manufacturers of products not using a wall outlet will have to consider how
their power source will affect their product’s design.
• IoT devices running on batteries will have to make hardware decisions based on
power conservation.
• There are also a variety of different types of batteries to be taken into
consideration: alkaline, lithium (rechargeable) and coin. There are also AA,
AAA, coin cell, C, D, 9V, or custom batteries to choose from.
• As noted earlier, wireless technologies have different power requirements based
on use-cases.
 Power
• Once a manufacturer understands how long and how often a device will be
connected and the wireless network is chosen, a properly sized and type of
battery can be chosen.
• Another source of power for Ethernet-based devices is Power-over-Ethernet
(PoE).
• This technology is popular for low-wattage IP phones and security cameras.
• Recent advancements and new switching technology is pushing the wattage
available through PoE to new levels, thus opening up new possibilities for more
power-hungry applications and devices.
 Size
• Many manufacturers start testing the IoT waters by modifying their existing
product designs to add networking technologies.
• Because these devices already exist, many early entrants into the IoT world fail
to redesign the product to allow for its newly added connectivity.
• Fortunately, there are a number of compact modules available for networking
technologies that will fit in a manufacturer’s existing products.
 Size
• These small modules are different though. Some modules are surface mount,
others through-hole or pin-header and some still use a specialized mating
connector.
• Also, how the network connector or antenna connector are integrated into the
product vary from module to module.
• Designers must consider the space they have available on their circuit boards
and/or in the product’s enclosures to allow whatever technology selected to be
used in existing designs.
 Features
• With an IoT connected product, companies can now add features to their
products that were not possible or imagined.
• These features can get you direct access to the customer for updates,
maintenance, and new revenue opportunities.
 User interface
• How the user interfaces with a product is important.
• Are you going to use buttons, LEDs, or a display on the product?
• Also what web and app interfaces are you going to provide?
 Antenna
• All wireless networks use an antenna, internal or external to the product.
• The trend is to move the antenna inside the enclosure if it is plastic.
• All metal enclosures would require external antennas.
 Cloud
• Cloud applications provide products a user interface to the product and the data.
• There are private and public clouds.
• Most clouds have a standard API for developing your application.
 Security
• Security is becoming a major issue, so you need to design in as many layers of
security as feasible.
• SSL and password are the minimum.
 Interoperability
• Does your product need to communicate with other vendors’ products?
• If so, then you need to adopt a standard set of protocols, such as Apple’s
HomeKit, to communicate with other products.
 References

1. Vijay Madisetti and Arshdeep Bahga, “Internet of Things (A Hands-on-

Approach)”, 1st Edition, VPT, 2014
2. Michahelles, “Architecting the Internet of Things”, ISBN 978-3- 642-19156-5 e-
ISBN 978-3-642-19157-2, Springer
3. Francis daCosta, “Rethinking the Internet of Things: A Scalable Approach to
Connecting Everything”, 1st Edition, Apress Publications, 2013
4. CunoPfister, Getting Started with the Internet of Things, O‟Reilly Media, 2011,
ISBN: 978-1-4493-9357-1.
5. https://nasscom.in/system/files/secure-pdf/IoT_in_India_report_05072016.pdf