TEXT BOOK READING

AVOCADO OIL IN CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE

Pembimbing:

dr. Untung Gunarto, Sp.S 

Disusun Oleh:

Ghufron Febriyan Akbar

G4A018050
 
SMF ILMU PENYAKIT SARAF
RSUD PROF. DR. MARGONO SOEKARJO PURWOKERTO FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN
PURWOKERTO
Avocado Oil
Avocado (Persea americana) is considered
one of the main tropical fruits, as it
contains fat-soluble vitamins which are less
common in other fruits, besides high levels
of protein, potassium and unsaturated fatty
acids.
Avocado pulp contains variable oil content,
and is widely used in the pharmaceutical
and cosmetics industry, and in the
production of commercial oils similar to
olive oil.

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 Composition of Avocado
Fatty Acids
Avocados contain a
monounsaturated fatty acids
(MUFA)-rich fruit oil with 71%
MUFA, 13% polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFA), and 16%
saturated fatty acids(SFA)
Sugar
Minerals
One-half an avocado contains
● Avocados contain about 152
only about 0.2 g sugar. The
mg potassium per 30 g fruit.
primary sugar found in avocados
is a unique seven-carbon sugar ● Avocados contain about 9 gr
called D-mannoheptulose, magnesium per 30 g fruit.
which research suggests that it
may support blood glucose
control and weight management.
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 Composition of
Avocado
Phytochemicals
Vitamins
● Carotenoid  lutein, an oxygen-containing fat-soluble antioxidants
Avocados contain significant
● Phenolics  Avocados contain a moderate level of phenolic compounds
levels of antioxidant vitamin,
contributing. Avocados have the highest fruit lipophilic antioxidant
both vitamins C and E.
capacity, which may be one factor in helping to reduce serum lipid
Avocados also contains other peroxidation and promoting vascular health
vitamins, such as vitamin K1
● Phytosterols  avocado contain about 26 mg phytosterols per 30 g,
and vitamin B
natural phytosterol glycosides may help promote stronger intestinal
cholesterol blocking activity

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Biological effects of
Avocado Oil
Improving lipid profile
● The incorporation of avocado oil for a period of ●
six days reflected an improvement in the
postprandial profile of insulin, glycemia, total
cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins,
triglycerides, and inflammatory parameters,
such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and
interleukin-6
Improving Blood Pressure
Avocado oil significantly decreased both
systolic and diastolic pressure in hypertensive
rats, but not in controls. Avocado oil mimicked
the effects of the drug, losartan, on blood
pressure, vascular performance, and oxidative
stress.
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Biological effects of
Avocado Oil
Reducing the effects of oxidative stress
● improvement in the functionality of the
electron transport chain and decreased the
generation of free radicals in the liver,
attenuating the harmful effects of oxidative
stress was observed in a study of
administration avocado oil in diabetic rats
Improvement in mitochondrial function
● In the brain, an improvement in mitochondrial
function has been observed, as well as a
decrease in free radical levels, lipid
peroxidation, and an improvement in the
reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio in diabetic
rats.
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Biological effects of
Avocado Oil
Wound healing
● Semi-solid formulation of avocado oil (50/50
Vaseline) and avocado pulp oil promoted the
increase of collagen synthesis and decreased
the number of inflammatory cells during the
process of wound healing.
Potential Hepatotoxicity
● Some authors studied the relationship between
avocado oil and collagen metabolism in both
the skin and liver, finding that oil obtained
from intact fruit (pulp and seed), refined with
hexane, was associated with fibrosis in the
liver, an increase in liver enzymes and
consequently hepatotoxicity.
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Avocado oil in
cerebrovascular health
● Cerebrovascular events could occur due to
many factors, such as endothelial
dysfunction, hypertension and metabolic
disease.
● Avocado oil could interfere in the
pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease by
preventing dyslipidemia, decrease
oxidative stress and reduce hypertension.

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Avocado Oil and
its effect on lipid profile
● Avocado containing lipophilic compounds, MUFAs, polyphenols,
carotenoids, vitamin E, phytosterols, and squalene, which have
been recognized for cholesterol-lowering ability
● A study evaluated the effects of avocado oil administration on
inflammatory and lipid parameters in rats with metabolic changes
induced by sucrose ingestion demonstrated that avocado oil
reduced hs-CRP and TG, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL),
and LDL levels
● The improvement of lipid profile may prevent the formation of
atherosclerosis and endothelial injury, thus prevent
cerebrovascular disease

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Avocado Oil and
mitochondrial function
● The protective effect of avocado oil may be attributed to
some of the compounds present in the oil, such as lutein
● Another probable mechanism involved may be
decreased mitochondrial oxidative stress, as avocado oil
had an antioxidant effect in mitochondria by reducing
the levels of lipid peroxidation ROS levels and by
maintaining the mitochondrial redox state to similar
levels that control brain mitochondria

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Avocado Oil and
Oxidative Stress
● The observation that avocado oil decreases
mitochondrial ROS levels in diabetic rats confirms its
antioxidant potential. The decrease ROS levels may be a
protective factor of cerebrovascular disease
● Its antioxidant capacity may be related to its constitution
of fatty acids since monounsaturated fatty acids, as oleic
acid (C18:1), which comprises ∼60% of the fatty acids
present in the oil
● It is possible that many of the antioxidant compounds in
avocado such as vitamins, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and
tocopherols are present in the oil that also contribute to
its antioxidant capacity.

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Pathogenesis of
cerebrovascular disease
Endothelial dysfunction
Changes in endothelium promote oxidative stress,
low-grade inflammation, increased vascular tone, loss
of BBB integrity, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis.

Hypercholesterolemia
Hypercholesterolemia induce vascular tone
dysfunction and promote formation of
atherosclerosis

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Pathogenesis of
cerebrovascular disease
Atherosclerosis
accumulations of fatty material in the arterial
subintima amass platelet clumps, then attract
thrombin, fibrin, and erythrocyte debris that can
ultimately coagulate to a size that poses stenotic
risk to the cerebral vasculature.

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Thank You
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