UNIT 1 SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY

CELL STRUCTURE
AND TAXONOMY
How do tiny creatures look like
Lesson 3 – Cell Structure and Taxonomy

•Explain the cell theory

•Cite a function for each part of a
bacterial cell
•Compare and contrast plant,
animal, and bacterial cells
•Describe the Five-Kingdom and
Three-Domain Systems of
LET’S DEFINE…
• CELL
Fundamental living unit of any organism which
exhibits the basic characteristics of life.
• METABOLISM
All of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell
• ORGANELLES
Physiologically active, permanent sub-cellular
structure performing metabolic functions
• DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)
A macromolecule containing the genetic code in the
form of genes CELL STRUCTURE AND TAXONOMY
CELL THEORY
•ROBERT HOOKE (1665)
Observed mass of tiny
cavities from thin slices of
cork and name it as “cell”
•MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN
(1838)
Proposed that plants are
CELL STRUCTURE AND TAXONOMY
CELL THEORY
•THEODORE
SCHWANN (1839)
Proposed that animal are
composed of cells
•RUDOLF VIRCHOW
(1858)
Concluded that all cells
CELL STRUCTURE AND TAXONOMY
CELL THEORY
All organisms are made up of
cells, and a cell is the structural
and functional unit of
organisms.
Cells are capable of self-
reproduction, and cells come
only from pre-existing cells.
CELL STRUCTURE AND TAXONOMY
 MICROORGANISMS

ACCELLULA
CELLULAR
R
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
VIROIDS
ARCHAEA ALGAE
PRIONS
BACTERIA PROTOZOA
VIRUSES
CYANOBACTERIA FUNGI

CELL STRUCTURE AND TAXONOMY

EUKARYOTIC CELLS
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
 EUKARYOTIC CELL
CHARACTERISTICS PROKARYOTIC CELL
PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
Biologic All plants, fungi, All animals and All bacteria
distribution and algae protozoa
Nuclear Present Present Absent
membrane
Organelles Present Present Absent*
Chromosomes DNA and proteins DNA and proteins DNA only
Ribosomes Large Large Small
Photosynthesis Present Absent Present in
cyanobacteria
Cell Wall No peptidoglycan No peptidoglycan Contains
peptidoglycan
CELL STRUCTURE AND TAXONOMY
 BINARY FISSION
A method of reproduction whereby
one cell divides to become two
cells; the method by which bacteria
reproduce

Generation time
The time it takes for one prokaryotic cell to
CELL STRUCTURE AND TAXONOMY
Binary fission of the protozoan Stylonychia
in real time
 TAXONOMY
The science of classification of living organisms
Classification
The arrangement of organisms into taxonomic
groups (taxa) on the basis of similarities or
relationship
Nomenclature
The assignment of names to the various taxa
according to international rules
Identification
The process of determining whether an isolate
belongs to one of the established, named taxa or
CELL STRUCTURE AND TAXONOMY
 CLASSIFICATION:
D omain Eukarya Bacteria
K ingdo Animalia Eubacteria
P m
hylum Chordata Firmicutes
C lass
(Division) MammaliaBacilli
O rder
Primata Bacillales
F amily HominidaeStaphylococcaceae
enus
G Homo Staphylococcus
pecies
S Sapiens S. Aureus
CELL STRUCTURE AND TAXONOMY
 BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
the system of nomenclature in which two terms
are used to denote a species of living organism

Escherichia coli
GENERIC NAME SPECIFIC NAME OR
(GENUS or GENERA) EPITHET
(SPECIES)
CELL STRUCTURE AND TAXONOMY