CHAPTER 5:

COMMUNICATION
FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES
P R E PA R E D B Y
ANNE PRINCESS WONG
A R LY D I E S T R O
MARY CRIS SUEL
A N G E L I C A S A N TA M E N A
• Communication is the process of building
shared meaning with other members of a
particular community, be it a group, society
or organization.
• It enables us to understand the information,
opinion, and insight of others. There are
numbers of means to communicate, it can be
through writing, watching, or speaking
among others. There are also various specific
purposes as to why we communicate with
others – to inform, persuade, argue, and
entertain.
LESSON 20: SPEECHES AND PUBLIC
SPEAKING
• Public Speaking – Defined as face to face communication method,
public speaking users speech as a medium to communicate to a
group of listeners known as the audience. It is means for speakers to
deliver the message they would want to convey. It can inform,
influence, and even entertain people.
WHY DO YOU FEAR PUBLIC
SPEAKING?
Fear of
Failure

Fear of being
stared at
Fear of Rejection

Fear of Unknown
HOW DO WE ADDRESS THESE FEARS?

Confront your fear

Convert your fear

 Control your fear

Never compromise
 Constantly Practice

Be spontaneous
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
• This type of speech is a persuasive speaking event that involves only a little
time for preparation, an outline format of what is to be discussed, and no actual
notes.

• Competitive Extemporaneous speech is a pubic speaking performance

delivered for five to seven minutes given a thirty minutes preparation. With this
in mind, you must be very conscious with how you will be using your
preparation time so you can better perform your speech.
• INTRODUCTION
• BODY
• CONCLUSION
 IMPROMPTU SPEAKING
• Compared to extemporaneous speaking, this type of speech is one that
provides no preparation of time at all. To have a clearer picture,
impromptu speaking is highly comparable to the “Question and
Answer” portion of beauty pageants.
• LISTEN
• PAUSE
• DELIVER
• END
LESSON 21: INFORMATIVE
COMMUNICATION
Informative communication entails a broad range of topics from talking about famous
personalities, memorable events and occasions, innovate processes, favorite vacation
places among others.
Always remember that an informative speech avoid any attempt to convince the audience
that the one you are presenting is better than all other options.
QUALITIES OF AN
INFORMATIVE
SPEECH
ACCURATE
• It may be true that you can only provide a handful or information to your
audience as speaking engagements are time and theme bound; however, an
effective communicator, you must be able to carefully and critically discern
which among the tons of information you would be sharing to your target
audience.
 • CLEAR
• INTERESTING
• SPEECHES ABOUT OBJECTS
• SPEECHES ABOUT PROCESSES
• SPEECHES ABOUT EVENTS
• SPEECHES ABOUT CONCEPTS
GOALS OF INFORMATION SPEECH

1. Provide an explanation to a specific subject matter

2. Assist the audience to store this knowledge for later use

LESSON 22: PERSUASIVE
COMMUNICATION
– Persuasion is the ability to mold, sway, convince, and influence the audience to agree and taken the
side the speaker presents.

– Literature presents four characteristics of persuasive communication as source of influence.

FIVE DISTINCT COMPONENTS

1. It is highly symbolic as a process

2. It is an act to influence
3. It is ultimately a self-decision
4. It involves transmitting and sharing of message
5. It requires free choice
EFFECTS OF PERSUASION

– As we try to influence our audience with the message

we are communicating, we too need to understand that
apart form being influenced, there are other effects we
must be aware of. In fact, Miller(1980) proposed three
variant effects of persuasive communication, and these
are:
A. Shaping – you can do this by connecting developments, characteristics,
components, factors, and aspects of subject and topic to that of your
audience’s perception.
B. Reinforcing – as mentioned in the in the previous lessons, speeches can
either provide new learning or update present knowledge. This is true in the
case of persuasive speeches. Although the more popular purpose of
persuasion is to influence, another equally important function is to validate
and strengthen the position of the audience as regards the subject and topic
being discussed.
C. Changing – As an effective persuader, you must be able to change the state of
mind of your audience.
PROCESS OF PERSUASION
– In order for you to effectively create a persuasive speech, you
must first understand the process of how persuasion is
communicated.

1. Get attention
2. Provide comprehension
3. Target acceptance
4. Aid retention
PREPARING THE PERSUASIVE SPEECH

– Preparation is the key to any successful speech. In order for you to increase your
chances of successfully transmitting your message, you would need to how you can
construct an effective persuasive communication. Here are steps you can follow:
1. Outline of your speech
2. Strategize your medium
3. Strategize your message
4. Watch your language
– It is a must for persuasive speakers to be very clear with their objectives .

1. Stimulate
2. Convince
3. Call
4. Increase consideration

– Total perspective
LESSON 23: ARGUMENTATIVE
COMMUNICATION
– Argumentative communication is an assertive utilization of the
language for . reasons of advocacy, security, or discrediting points
of views.
– It is the fundamental inspiration to perform contentions. It can
either be individual direct contentions, such as that dialogues, or
open deliberations, such as that of an editorial writing. More
importantly, argumentation communication is a factious exchange
of reasons based upon realities and actualities and not emotions and
feelings; hence, such communication type is classified as decisive
and focuses on man’s history, attributes, norms; and practice.
– It is viewed as unfriendly and at the times aggressive
– To be able to create argumentation speech, one can be guided by
the proposed format of Toulmin (1958) in the use of argument that
contains six interrelated components for investigating contentions.
1. Claim
2. Ground
3. Warrant
4. Support
5. Qualifier
6. Rebuttal
TYPES OF ARGUMENTATIVE
COMMUNICATION
• There are six main types of argumentation.

– Scientific Argumentation – This type of argumentation is one that investigates the normal events
and happenings that occur in the field of sociolinguistics. This is also known as discussion
investigation. This type of argumentation is being used in the field of human science, humanities,
phonetics, brain research, and interactional sociolinguistics. Additionally, scientific argumentation
is viewed as a type that oversees contradictions within conversional correspondences that requires
understanding.
– Mathematical Argumentation – Usually utilized to determine
contentions in Symbolic Logic, mathematical argumentation tries
to reveal numerical truth and arithmetical certainties that can
result to sensible facts. More specifically, this type of
argumentation uses acknowledged verification strategies to
prove that contention is valid.
– Logical Argumentation – Argumentation type of Radical
verbalization of logical information found within the limits and
boundaries of society
–Interpretative Argumentation – Commonly
exercised as a dialogical process where members
either examine or determine translation
differences of information with varying degree of
importance. As such, this argumentation type is
relevant to the field of linguistics, phonetics,
humanities, hermeneutics, semiotics, systematic
theory etc.
• Legal Argumentation – one of the most common uses of
argumentation communication is inside the courtrooms,
during litigation, defense, examination, or cross
examination to name a few.
• Political Argumentation – Scholars, academicians, media
specialist, public officials, and government authorities
usually utilize this type of argumentation. Political
argumentations obviously are political contentions to
influence supporters and discredit political rivalries.
CREATING OBJECTIVES
ARGUMENTATIVE SPEECH
– To effectively issue communicate an argument, you
must first of all plan how you will present your
argument. Your ability to organize your contentions will
definitely increase your chances of earning the trust and
confidence of your audience. Here is a proposed outline
appropriate for argumentative communication, more
particularly when taking a position regarding a specific
issue .
1. INTRODUCTION

2. BODY

3. CONCLUSION