Chapter number 3rd

Strategies for improving

oral presentation
Steps for preparing effective oral presentation

During your career in the business world, you will give various kinds of oral
Presentations. Indeed how your capabilities are measured will initially occur
Based on your oral words.

Seven steps are important for successful oral statements, short or long.

1.Determine your purpose

2.Analyse your audience
3.Select the main ideas for the message
4.Research the topic
5.Organize the data and write the draft
6.Creatve visual aids
7.Rehearse the talk
 Determine your purpose

1.To inform or instruct. Here your core goal is to clarify secure understanding
explain a process.

2.To persuade. Your goal is after you finish your presentation, the listener
should accept your ideas.

3.To entertain. Social occasion such as promotion parties retirement,

anniversaries are characteristics of this kind of speaking.
 Analyze your audience

• The knowledge of the audience is significant for communicating effectively.

if your talk is within the organization you will have some ideas who and
how many people will be the audience.
Select the main ideas for the message

• Selecting your main theme or core should be done first.

Then gathering additional information will be in support of those core ideas
 Research the topic

It is obvious that you will not possess all the information relating to your
central theme.
Thus in writing you need to collect facts data and information.
Your search may cause you to drop some of initial ideas and add new ones.
 Organize the data and write the draft

• It is time to force some order on your information,usually in the form

of initial order. A you do this remember that a good speech three parts.

An introduction
Body text discussion)
conclusion or summary
 Visual aids

• Some presentations do not require visual. On the other hand it would be

odd not include visual aid when you talk about structure of an organization.
 Rehears the talk

• Two purpose underlie rehearsals: You will become more comfortable

with your material and you can revise where necessary.
the talk should be rehearse at least three times

 Always imagine the audience in front of you.

 Use transition and avoid long sentences and unusual words.
 Include visual aids you will use and in the margin note where each aid should be used.
 Anticipate questions from the audience. jot them on paper consider thoughtful answers.
 Stop at the exact time which is given
 Kinds of oral presentation

Short talks may range from 1 to 10 minutes Length.

you may simply introduce someone, presents an award or offer
Opening in a group meeting.
Longer statement may vary from 10 minutes to one hour.
Some organizations limit statements to 20 or 30 minutes, knowing that attention
will be decreased if the presentation is longer.
 Ways of delivering the oral message

• Extemporaneous: This method usually preferred by audience and speaker

allows a
speaker use notes or outline.

• Reading: Major political and others who do not want to make a mistake read a
manuscript.

• Memorization: A risk of memorization is forgetting words in front of audience

decreases your credibility.

• Impromptu: Many of us are called upon at the last moment to offer comments.
when you speak, you are speaking impromptu.
 Strategies for and effective oral delivery

• One of your personal signatures is your voice varying pitch ,rate and
volume gives it more interest.

1.At its simplest level pitch is the highness or lowness of your voice.
In speaking this pitch should be varied and traditional problems in using
pitch are monotone high or low voice and same word value.

• Monotone. He is a monotone’ is no compliment. This critical statement

implies that the speaker has little or no variation in pitch.
• High or low voice. Often monotones are voices that rarely rise out of a lower
register. On the other hand excited people frequent the upper ranges.
 Rate

• Take a guess how many words do you use per minute as you
speak?
Most communication experts suggest the range for public speakers
lies between 80 to 160 words per minute.
In more casual conversation some people may range from 80 to
250 words per minute.
A key word related to rate is pause.
 Volume

• Unless you as a speaker are heard many of your words will be lost.
it takes real courage for a listener to stand at the rear of a room and shout
speak up please.
volume is the loudness or softness of your voice.
 Vocal quality

• One’s voice is hard to describe; we often turn to metaphors to describe

voice quality.

Metaphors implying a comparison of the voice with another known quantity

 Pronunciation
• We more easily forgive pronunciation errors in foreign speakers than in
native speakers.
you are expected to be correct in business world

Jargon .Within your organization you will learn jargon pronunciations often for
abbreviations. Thus cam use within one group will mean “contract audit
manual “but to outsider means apart that forces a roller to move.
varied. For many words southern pronunciation and accents for example
differ from those in Chicago or Boston.

Added or omitted sounds.Hunerd,hundered,idear,idea,gonna,going,

watch say, what did you say,meetn,meeting,dija,did you
Strategies for an effective nonverbal delivery

1. Posture: Posture how you stand even sit communicates something about
you as you communicator

2. Movement: Taking a few steps during a presentation helps hold attention.

• Move to hold attention.

• Move to get rid of nervousness
• Move to increase emphasis
3. Gesture: As a simplistic level any movement of the hands, arms, head
shoulders are termed gesture.
 Continued
• Emblems: Behavior that has a direct verbal counterpart such as the
thumb up and the arm wave for hello or good bye.

• Illustrators: Here belong the gestures, usually the arm used to describe a
circle or the finger pointing to emphasize a point. As emblems had direct
verbal counterpart and illustrators do not.

• Affect display: Speakers may use any of the primary emotional states
usually facial expressions,happiness,sadness,anger,fear,surprise.

• Regulators: Speakers use body movements of their audience to search out

responses to their messages.
 Continued
• Adapters: These are often the unintentional movement to a physical or
psychological state,scraching a nose twisting a pencil and smoothing one’s hair.

4. Facial expression:Facail expression includes your eye contacts,speakers bury

their heads in their notes or who speak to the screen behind them lose a sense of
directness to their audience.

5. Appearance: How you look and what you wear affects your listeners
•Thank you