Female Reproductive System

Histology and Models

 FEMALE CATS
• Ovary
• Uterine horn
Uterine horn (cat);
humans have uterine
(fallopian) tube
Ovary
Uterine Horn and Ovary
 Ovum

Graafian follicle
Corpus albicans

Corpus luteum

Secondary follicle

Graafian follicle
Primary follicle after releasing
ovum

Ovulation
 FEMALE MODEL
• Uterus
• Cervix
• Vagina
• Clitoris
• Labia majora
• Labia minora
• Ovary (is also an endocrine gland)
• Ovarian ligament
• Round ligament
• Uterine tube (fallopian tube)
 The Endocrine System
• Pituitary gland: a small
gland located on a stalk
• Consists of several hanging from the base of the
brain - AKA
glands located in
various parts of the • “The Master Gland”
body.
– Primary function is to
control other glands.
– Produces many
hormones.
– Secretion is controlled by
the hypothalamus in the
base of the brain.
 The Endocrine System
• The two segments are:
• The Pituitary Gland is – Posterior Pituitary:
divided into 2 areas, • produces oxytocin and
which differ antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)
– structurally and
– Anterior Pituitary:
functionally • produces thyroid-
– each area has stimulating hormone
separate types of (TSH)
• growth hormone (GH)
hormone production.
• adrenocorticotropin
(ACTH)
• follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH)
 The Endocrine System

• And even more… • Posterior Pituitary

– luteinizing hormone – Oxytocin (the natural
form of pitocin)
(LH)
• stimulates gravid
– prolactin
uterus
• causes “let down”
• Let’s go over these of milk from the
breast.
one at a time...
– ADH (vasopressin)
causes the kidney to
retain water.
 The Endocrine System
• Anterior Pituitary • Anterior Pituitary…
– Primarily regulates – Growth hormone (GH)
other endocrine  glucose usage
glands  consumption of
– rarely a factor in fats as an energy
endocrinological source
emergencies – ACTH stimulates the
– TSH stimulates the adrenal cortex to
thyroid gland to release its hormones
release its hormones, – FSH & LH stimulates
thus  metabolic rate maturation & release of
eggs from ovary.
CLITORIS, URINARY BLADDER, URETHRA, VAGINA, CERVIX, UTERUS
Mons pubis

Clitoris

Labia minora

Labia majora
 Ovarian
ligament

Round
ligament
Fundus
of uterus
UTERINE (FALLOPIAN) TUBE, OVARY, URINARY BLADDER, UTERUS
• REGIONS OF UTERINE (FALLOPIAN) TUBE:
• Infundibulum
• Ampulla
• Isthmus
• REGIONS OF UTERUS:
• Fundus
• Cervix
• LAYERS OF THE UTERUS:
• Endometrium
• Myometrium
• Epimetrium
 Uterine (fallopian) tube

Infundibulum

Ampulla

Isthmus
Uterine tube

Ovary
Infundibulum

Ampulla

Isthmus
Fundus

Cervix
 Endometrium
Myometrium
Fundus Epimetrium

Cervix

Vagina

Labia minora
Clitoris

Labia majora
 Epimetrium

Myometrium

Endometrium

Cervix
 SLIDES
• Ovary
– Regions
• Cortex
• Medulla
– Primary Follicle
– Secondary Follicle
– Tertiary (Graafian) Follicle
 Ovary
Primary
follicle

CORTEX

MEDULLA

Secondary
follicle
Tertiary
(Graafian)
follicle
 SLIDES
• Ovary (also functions as an endocrine gland;
secretes estrogen)
– Follicle
– oocytes
– corona radiata
– antrum
 Ovary

Corona radiata
oocyte

antrum
 Ovary follicle
follicle

oocyte

Corona
radiata

antrum