Reproductive System

Functions of the Reproductive System

1. Production of haploid gametes
2. Production of offspring which carries half of
the genetic materials from the two parents
3. For perpetuation of life
Male Reproductive
System
External Parts of the Male Reproductive System

1.Srotum
2.Penis
3.Prepuce
PENIS
• Composed of erectile tissue
with many nerve endings
• It has two parts:
1. Shaft (Body)
2. Glans Penis (Head)
• It has two states:
1. Flaccid (loose, soft and limp)
2. Erect (upright, hard and
enlarged)
PENIS
• FUNCTIONS
• Serves as the copulatory
organ of male
• Discharges the sperm to the
female reproductive system
SCROTUM
•A Sac of skin
found underneath
the penis that
holds the testes.
•Responsible for
temperature
regulation
Internal Parts of the Male Reproductive System
1. Testes
2. Epididymis
3. Vas deferens
4. Seminal Vesicle
5. Prostate
6. Cowper’s gland / Bulbourethral Gland
7. Urethral opening
 TESTES
•a pair of ovoid
glandular organs
•responsible for the
production of sperm
cells, male sex
hormone and
testosterone
 EPIDIDYMIS
•a transport
sperm from the
epididymis to the
ejaculatory ducts
in anticipation of
ejaculation.
 VAS DEFERENS
•tiny muscular tube
in the male
reproductive
system that carries
sperm from the
epididymis to the
ejaculatory duct
 SEMINAL VESICLE
• two elongated saclike
glands that secrete
their fluid contents into
the ejaculatory ducts
• contribute approx. 60
percent of the fluids
passed from the
human male during
ejaculation
 PROSTATE
• prostate
gland produces semen
and a protein called
prostate specific
antigen (PSA), needed
for ejaculation.
• Semen / seminal fluid -
the fluid or casing that
holds sperm
 COWPER’S GLAND
Small gland that
releases pre-ejaculate
or the Cowper's
fluid which
neutralizes any acidity
caused due to
residual urine in the
urethra
 URETHRAL OPENING
• primary
passageway of
sperm out of the
male reproductive
system
• Allows the sperm
to be transferred
to the vagina
Female Reproductive
System
External Parts of the Female Reproductive System
1.Clitoris
2.Labia Majora
3.Labia Minora
4.Hymen
5.Vaginal orifice
•The vulva consists of the external
female sex organs.
 Parts function
Clitoris a small projection of erectile tissue
contains thousands of nerve endings
Labia Majora Outer fold of skin
“ Large lips”
Labia Minora Inner fold of skin
“Small lips”
Hymen Membrane that covers the Vaginal
orifice
Vaginal orifice Opening of the vagina
Internal Parts of the Female Reproductive System
1.Vagina
2.Cervix
3.Uterus
4.Fallopian tube oviduct
5.Ovaries
VAGINA
• tubular/muscular canal
that extends from the
exterior of the body to the
uterine cervix
• Receives the penis during
sexual intercourse
• Outlet of menstrual flow
• Also known as the “birth
canal”
CERVIX
•Lower, narrow end
of the uterus
•allow flow of
menstrual blood
from the uterus
into the vagina
•direct the sperms
into the uterus
during intercourse
 UTERUS
• It is also known as
“womb”
• Site of implantation
of a fertilized ovum
• Site of Development
of the fetus during
pregnancy, and labor.
FALLOPIAN TUBE
•tubes that extend
from the uterus
and transport the
egg cell from the
ovaries to the
uterus
•Site of fertilization
OVARIES
•paired organs
that produce egg
cells and
hormones, such
as progesterone
and estrogens
Menstrual Cycle
 STAGE DESCRIPTION
MENSTRUAL elimination of the thickened lining of the uterus
(endometrium) from the body through the
vagina.
FOLLICULAR growth of the follicles stimulates the lining of
the uterus to thicken in preparation for possible
pregnancy.
OVULATION release of a mature egg from the surface of the
ovary
LUTEAL Continuous thickening of the lining of the
uterus