Introduction to HVAC, Heat

Basics & Human Comfort

 What is HVAC

• H – Heat Why we
need

• V – Ventilation HVAC??

• A – Air
•C – Conditioning
 Purpose of HVAC

• The main purpose of HVAC is to provide the people

working inside the building with “Conditioned Air”, so
that they will have a comfortable & safe work environment
• “Conditioned Air” means that the air is clean & odor-free
and the temperature, humidity & movement of air are
within certain comfort zone
 HVAC Applications

• Human Comfort
• Normal work place, Hotels Malls
• Conserve Food
• Meat, Dairy Products, vegetables, Frozen food etc.
• Human Safety
• Research institutes
 HVAC Applications
What
actually
Happen in
• Process Conditions HVAC?

• Pharmaceutical industry
• Preserve goods and articles
• Museums
 Heat Basics

The laws of thermodynamics state that:

• Heat is a form of energy.
• Heat energy will move from a place of high intensity towards a
place of lower intensity.
Heat is measured in terms of Calories (Cal) or British
Thermal Units (BTU)
• 1 BTU is defined as the amount of energy required to raise or
lower 1 pound of water 1 degree Fahrenheit.
(For Calorie, 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius)
 Heat Basics

Sensible Heat
• It is the heat that changes the temperature of a substance
without changing the substance’s state.
• Sensible heat describes how hot something feels; and you
measure it with a thermometer.
Latent Heat
• It is the heat required to change the state of a substance without
changing its temperature.
• Latent heat measures the quantity of heat energy in a substance.
 Heat Basics

Specific Heat
• This is heat storage capacity of a substance.
• It is defined as the amount of heat energy (BTUs or kJ)
required to raise the temperature of one unit mass (pound
or kg) of a substance by one degree (Fahrenheit/Celsius)
 Heat Basics
Every substance contains the heat that was necessary to raise
its temperature from absolute zero to present temperature. This
total heat is its heat content

LATENT SENSIBLE LATENT

HEAT HEAT HEAT

0 degC 0 degC 100 degC 100 degC

ICE WATER WATER STEAM
80 100 540
Calories Calories Calories
Refrigeration Cycle
 Human comfort

• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air

Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard 55-2013
specifies conditions that are likely to be thermally
acceptable to at least 80% of the adult occupants.
• Center of the comfort envelope is 77°F (25°C) for summer
and 72°F (22.2°C) for winter with 45 to 50% RH.
 What are
the

Human comfort Factors

that
affect
comfort?

• Very subjective term

• “That condition of mind which expresses satisfaction
with the thermal environment; it requires subjective
evaluation”
• Comfort for one may discomfort for another
• Defining Comfort to everyone’s satisfaction is
practically impossible
 Human comfort What is
Indoor Air
Quality &
what
affects it?
• Primary Factors affecting Thermal Comfort
• Metabolic rate
• Clothing insulation
• Air temperature
• Radiant temperature
• Air speed
• Humidity
 How to achieve Human comfort

Why I need
HVAC?

• Maintaining Temperature and Humidity of area

• Providing enough fresh air
How to achieve Human comfort
What If I
use Split
System?
How to achieve Human comfort
So What are
the
Advantages
?
 Advantages of HVAC

• Human Comfort
• Centralize Control
• Minimum Maintenance
• Easy to maintain
• Space Saving & Flexibility
• Energy Saving
 Cooling
Tower

HVAC Example Cooling Coil

Primary Secondary
Pump Pump

35 Degree

Condenser Heat
Chiller Filter
Pump Exchanger
Thank You