PLANE AREAS IN

RECTANGULAR COORDINATES
P R E PA R E D B Y: K E R E N TA N G A R O R A N G
 REVIEW

HOW DO WE SOLVE THIS GRAPH?

Since, there is no equation for graphs like this it is

convenient to solve this graph using the equation
of a rectangle.

dA = y dx y = f (x)
𝒂
 
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑶𝑨𝑷=∫ 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒙
𝟎

Concept: Definite integrals expresses combination

of infinitesmal slivers or strips under a function
(also known as the RIEMANN SUMS)
HOW DO WE SOLVE ANY PLANE AREAS BOUNDED
BY CURVES AND LINES?

There are two methods for finding the area bounded by curves in
rectangular coordinates. These are...

1. by using a horizontal element (called strip) of area, and

2. by using a vertical strip of area.

Ok… but what’s the difference?

HORIZONTAL STRIP

 Important things you need to remember:

• The area of the strip is x dy
• Where
• The total area can be found by running
this strip starting from y1 going to y2 
VERTICAL STRIP

 Important things you need to remember:

• The area of the strip is y dx
• Where
• The total area can be found by running
this strip starting from x1 going to x2 
 STEPS IN SOLVING

The steps in finding the area can be outlined as follows:

1. Sketch the curve

2. Decide what strip to use and define its limits

TOT: Is there any advantage on using horizontal strip or vertical strip?

3. Apply the appropriate formula based on the strip then

integrate.
 EXAMPLE 1

•   the area bounded by the curve and y=x

Find
STEP 1: Sketch the curve

STEP 2: Decide what strip to

use and define its limits
The strip shown will start from
y = 0 and end to y = 1
 EXAMPLE 1

•   the area bounded by the curve and y=x

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate

  Where,
 
1
 
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=∫ ( √ 𝑦 − 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦
0 3
 
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=
2𝑦
3 [ 2

3
1
− 𝑦
0 ]  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= 1
  6
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=
2∙ 1
3 [ 2
−1 − 0 ]
 EXAMPLE 2

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 1: Sketch the curve

STEP 2: Decide what strip to

use and define its limits
The strip shown will start from
x = -2 and end to x = 1
 EXAMPLE 2

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate

  Where,
 
1
  2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=∫ ( 𝑥 +2 −( 𝑥 +2 𝑥 )) 𝑑𝑥
−2
1
 
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=∫ ( − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+ 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
−2
 EXAMPLE 2

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate
1
  2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=∫ ( − 𝑥 − 𝑥+ 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
−2
3 2
  −𝑥 𝑥 1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=
3 [
− +2𝑥
2 -2 ]
3 2 3 2
 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= −(1) − 1 +2(1) − −(− 2) − (− 2 ) +2(− 2)
[ 3 2 ][ 3 2 ]
  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= 9
2
 EXAMPLE 3

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
2
STEP 1: Sketch the curve  𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑥
Finding the intercepts
 

 
2  𝑎
   
𝑉
  (0,0)𝑎
  𝐹
  (𝑎 , 0)
  Substituting x = a in 2  𝑎
 
 
 

Point of intersection:

 
 EXAMPLE 3

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
2
STEP 1: Sketch the curve  𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑥
Finding the intercepts
 
  , 2 𝑎)
(𝑎
 
2  𝑎
   
𝑉
  (0,0)𝑎
  𝐹
  (𝑎 , 0)
  Substituting x = a in 2  𝑎
 
 
  , −2 𝑎)
(𝑎
 

Point of intersection:

 
 EXAMPLE 3

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
2
STEP 1: Sketch the curve  𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑥
 
Finding the intercepts
 
  , 2 𝑎)
(𝑎
 
   
𝑉
  (0,0)
  Substituting x = a in
 
 
  , −2 𝑎)
(𝑎
 

Point of intersection:

 
 EXAMPLE 3

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
2
STEP 1: Sketch the curve  𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑥
 
REVIEW
 
𝑉  (h , 𝑘 ) 𝐹  (h ± 𝑝 , 𝑘 )   , 2 𝑎)
(𝑎

 
2
 𝑦 =− 𝑎(𝑥 − 5 𝑎) 𝑉  (5 𝑎 ,0) 𝑉  2 (0,0) 𝑉  1 (5 𝑎 , 0)

  (5 𝑎 − −1
𝐹 𝑎 , 0) 4  𝑝=− 𝑎
4
  , −2 𝑎)
(𝑎
  ( 19  𝑝=− 1 𝑎
𝐹 𝑎 , 0)
4 4
 EXAMPLE 3

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
2
STEP 1: Sketch the curve  𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑥
 
REVIEW
 
𝑉  (h , 𝑘 ) 𝐹  (h ± 𝑝 , 𝑘 )   , 2 𝑎)
(𝑎

 
2
 𝑦 =− 𝑎(𝑥 − 5 𝑎) 𝑉  (5 𝑎 ,0) 𝑉  2 (0,0) 𝑉  1 (5 𝑎 , 0)
 𝑝=− 1 𝑎
4  𝑝=− 𝑎 4
  , −2 𝑎)
(𝑎

Point of intersection:

 
 EXAMPLE 3

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
2
STEP 2: Decide what strip to  𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑥
 
use and define its limits
The strip shown will start from
  , 2 𝑎)
(𝑎
x = -2a and end to x= 2a

STEP 3: Apply the appropriate

formula based on the strip then 𝑉
  (0,0) 𝑉  1 (5 𝑎 , 0)
integrate

  , −2 𝑎)
(𝑎
 EXAMPLE 3

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
2
 𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑥
 

  Where,
  , 2 𝑎)
(𝑎
 

2𝑎 2 2 2
𝑉
  (0,0) 𝑉  1 (5 𝑎 , 0)
  5𝑎 − 𝑦 𝑦
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= ∫
−2 𝑎
( 𝑎
−
4𝑎
𝑑𝑦 )
2𝑎 2
  1 𝑦   , −2 𝑎)
𝑎 − 2𝑎(2 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= ∫ 5 𝑎 − 𝑦 −
4
𝑑𝑦 ) (𝑎

2𝑎 2
  1 5𝑦
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= ∫ ( 5 𝑎 − ) 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑎 − 2𝑎 4
 EXAMPLE 3

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
2𝑎 2
  1 5𝑦
2
 𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑥
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= ∫
𝑎 − 2𝑎
2
5𝑎 − (
4 ) 𝑑𝑦  

2 2
5( 𝑦) 5(− 𝑦)
𝑓  ( 𝑥 )=5 𝑎 − 𝑓  ( − 𝑥 ) =5 𝑎 −
2 2
4 4   , 2 𝑎)
(𝑎
𝑓  ( 𝑥 )=𝑓 (− 𝑥) EVEN FUNCTION
2𝑎 2
  2 5𝑦
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= ∫ 5 𝑎 −
𝑎 0
2

4( 𝑑𝑦 ) 𝑉
  (0,0) 𝑉  1 (5 𝑎 , 0)
3
  2 5 𝑦2a
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= 5 𝑎 𝑦 −
𝑎 [
2
120
3
]   , −2 𝑎)
(𝑎
  5(2 𝑎)

  2
2
𝑎
2
[
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= 5 𝑎 (2 𝑎)−
5∗8𝑎
123 ]
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= 10 𝑎 −
𝑎 [ 3
12 ]
 EXAMPLE 3

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
2
  2 40𝑎
3
 𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑥
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=
 
𝑎 [ 3
10 𝑎 −
3
12
2 120 𝑎 − 40 𝑎
3
]  

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=
𝑎 [ 3
12
2
]   , 2 𝑎)
(𝑎
  2 80𝑎 16 0 𝑎
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= [ ][
𝑎 12
=
12 ]
  40 𝑎2 𝑉
  (0,0)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= 𝑉  1 (5 𝑎 , 0)
3

  , −2 𝑎)
(𝑎
 EXAMPLE 4

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 1: Sketch the curve

STEP 2: Decide what strip to

use and define its limits
The strip shown will start from
x = -2 and end to x = 2
 EXAMPLE 4

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate

  Where,
 
2
  2 4
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=∫ ( 3 𝑥 + 4  −  𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
−2
𝑓  ( 𝑥 )=3 𝑥 2+4  −  𝑥 4 𝑓  ( − 𝑥 ) =3(− 𝑥 )2 +4   − (− 𝑥 )4

𝑓  ( 𝑥 )=𝑓 (− 𝑥) EVEN FUNCTION

 EXAMPLE 4

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate
2
  2 4
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=2∫ ( 3 𝑥 +4   −  𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
0
  3 𝑥3 𝑥 52
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=2
3
+4 𝑥− [
50 ] 2
 
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=2 (2) +4 (2)+[(2)
5
3
−0 ]
32 80 − 32
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=2 8 +8 +
[ 5]=2
[ 5 ]
  96
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=
5
 EXAMPLE 5

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 1: Sketch the curve

(2,3)
STEP 2: Decide what strip to
use and define its limits (0,1)
The strip shown will start from
x = 0 and end to x = 2 and
x = 2 and end to x = 4

(4,-1)
 EXAMPLE 5

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate

  For A1,
 

  For A2,  

2 4
2− 𝑥 2−𝑥
=∫
0
( 1+ 𝑥   − (
2 ) (
¿ 𝑑𝑥 +∫ 7+ 2 𝑥  − (
2 2 )
¿ 𝑑𝑥
 EXAMPLE 5

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate
2
  2−𝑥
0
(
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎1 =∫ 1+ 𝑥   − (
2 )
¿ 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑥
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =∫ ( 1 + 𝑥   − 1 + ) 𝑑𝑥
1
0 2
2 2
  𝑥 3𝑥
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =∫ ( 𝑥  + ) 𝑑𝑥=∫ (
2 )
1 𝑑𝑥
2 0 0
22
  3𝑥
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎1 =
4 [ ]0   𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎1 =3
2
  3 (2)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎1 =
4 [ ]
−0
 EXAMPLE 5

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate
4
  2−𝑥
(
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎2 =∫ 7 − 2 𝑥 − (
2 2 )¿ 𝑑𝑥
4
𝑥
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =∫ ( 7 − 2 𝑥 − 1+ ) 𝑑𝑥
2
2 2
4 42
3  𝑥 3𝑥
𝑟𝑒𝑎 =∫ ( 6 − ¿ [ 6
2 ) 4 ]
2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 −
2 2
2 2
  3 (4) 3 (2)
[
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎2 = 6 ( 4 ) −
4 ][
− 6 (2) −
4 ]
 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎2 =24 −12 −9   𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎2 =3
 EXAMPLE 5

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate
2 4
2− 𝑥 2−𝑥
𝑎=∫
0
( 1+ 𝑥   − (
2 ) (
¿ 𝑑𝑥 +∫ 7+ 2 𝑥  − (
2 2 )
¿ 𝑑𝑥

2
  2−𝑥
0
(
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎1 =∫ 1+ 𝑥   − (
2 )
¿ 𝑑𝑥=3
4
  2−𝑥
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =∫ ( 7 − 2 𝑥 − (
2 ¿ ) 𝑑𝑥=3
2 2
  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=3+3

  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=6
 ANSWER

•  each of the following, find the area bounded by the curves

In
1. and
2. and
3. and
 QUIZ #1

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 1: Sketch the curve

STEP 2: Decide what strip to

use and define its limits
The strip shown will start from
y = -2 and end to y = 4
 QUIZ #1

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate

  Where,
 

4
  1 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=∫ 𝑦+ 4  − (
−2
( 2 )
𝑦 ¿ 𝑑𝑦
2
  𝑦 1 43
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=
2 [
+4 𝑦 − 𝑦
6 -2 ]
 QUIZ #1

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate
  𝑦2 1 43
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=
2 [
+4 𝑦 − 𝑦
6 -2 ]
2 2

2 6 ][
 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎= 4 +4 (4) − 1 (4 )3 − (−2) +4 (−2)− 1 (− 2)3
[ 2 6 ]
16 64 4 −8
𝑒𝑎=
[ 2
+16 −
6
−
2 ] [
− 8−
6 ]
64 8
𝑎=24 − 2+ 8 − −
6 6
  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=18
 QUIZ #2

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 1: Sketch the curve

STEP 2: Decide what strip to

use and define its limits
The strip shown will start from
x = 0 and end to x = 3
 QUIZ #2

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate

  Where,
 

3
  2 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=∫ ( 𝑥 − ( 2 𝑥 − 3 𝑥   ¿ ) 𝑑𝑥
−2
3
  2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=∫ ( − 𝑥 +3 𝑥   ) 𝑑𝑥
−2
 QUIZ #2

•   the area bounded by the curve and

Find
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate
3
 
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=∫ ( − 𝑥 2 +3 𝑥   ) 𝑑𝑥
−2
3
  − 𝑥3 3 𝑥2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=
3
+
20 [
2
]
  −33 3(3)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=
3
+
2 [ −0 ]
 

  9
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=
2
 QUIZ #3

•   Find the area bounded by the curve and

1.
STEP 1: Sketch the curve

STEP 2: Decide what strip to

use and define its limits
The strip shown will start from
x = -1 and end to x = 0 (-1,8)
x = 0 and end to x = 2

(2,5)
 QUIZ #3

•   Find the area bounded by the curve and

1.
STEP 3: Apply the appropriate
formula based on the strip then
integrate

(-1,8)

(2,5)
 QUIZ #3

•   Find the area bounded by the curve and

1.

(-1,8)

(2,5)