• BILGING AMIDSHIP COMPARTMENTS

• WHEN AN EMPTY COMPARTMENT

AMIDSHIP BEEN HOLED BELOW THE
WATERLINE TO THE EXTENT THAT
THE WATER MAY FLOW FREELY INTO
AND OUT OF THE COMPARTMENT, A
VESSEL HOLED IN THIS WAY IS SAID
TO BE “BILGED”.
• VESSEL IN BILGED CONDITION

W1 L1
W Y X Z L

X = Represent the increase in draft due to Bilging

Y and Z = Represent the Volume of Lost Buoyancy
V = Also represent the Volume of Lost Buoyancy
• Example No.1

• A box-shaped vessel is 150 meters long x

24 meters wide x 12 meters deep and is
floating on an even keel at 5 meters draft,
GM =0.9 metes. A compartment amidship is
20 meters long and is empty. Find the new
GM if this compartment is bilged?
 24 m
W1
0 m W
15
m N K
20 TA
T
M

M
FIND: NEW GM
G
GM = 0.9 m
B DRAFT = 5 m
K
• Inc. in Draft = Volume of Lost Buoyancy

Area of Intact Waterplane

X = V
A–a
X = Increase in Draft
V = Volume of Lost Buoyancy
A = Area of waterplane before Bilging
a = Area of the bilged compartment
Inc. in Draft = l x W x Draft
LxW- lxW
• Old KB = ½ x Old Draft
• = 5m / 2
• Old KB = 2.5 m
• Old BM = Beam2 / 12 x Draft
• = 24m x 24m
• 12m x 5m
• Old BM = 9.6 m
• Old KB = 2.5 m ( + )
• Old KM = 12.1 m
• Old GM = 0.9 m ( - )
• Old KG = 11.2 m
• Inc. in Draft = Volume of Lost Buoyancy
• Area of Intact Waterplane
• Inc. in Draft = 20m x 24m x 5m
• 150m x 24m – 20m x 24m
• Inc. in Draft = 2400 / 3600 – 480
• Inc. in Draft = 2400 / 3120
• Inc. in Draft = 0.77m
• Old Draft = 5.00m ( + )
• New Draft = 5.77m
• Note; The KG will not change after bilging
has taken place
• New KB = ½ x New Draft
• = ½ x 5.77m New BM = 8.32m
• New KB = 2.89m New KB = 2.89m ( + )
New KM = 11.21m
• New BM = Beam²
Old KG =11.20m ( - )
• 12 x Draft New GM = 0.01m
• New BM = 24m x 24m
• 12 x 5.77m
• New BM = 8.32m
• Effect of Bilging in Stability
• When a compartment in a ship is bilged
the mean draft is increased. The change in
mean draft causes a change in the position
of the center of buoyancy and the initial
metacenter. Hence KM is changed and
since KG is constant the GM will be
changed.
• Example No. 2:
• A box shape vessel 40 meters long, 8
meters wide and 6 meters deep floats in
salt water on an even keel at 3 meters
draft. GM = 1 meter. Find the new GM if an
empty compartment 4 meters long and
situated amidship is bilged.
• Solution:
BM = I or LB³
• A. Find the KG V 12 x V
• KB = ½ x Draft = 40m x 8³m
• KB = ½ x 3m 12 x 40m x 8m x 3m
• KB = 1.50 m = 20,480 / 11,520
BM = 1.78m
KB = 1.50m ( + )
KM = 3.28m
GM = 1.00m ( - )
KG = 2.28m
• B. Find the New Draft
• Inc. in Draft = Vol. of Lost Buoyancy
• Area of Intact Waterplane
• = 4m x 8m x 3m
• 40m x 8m – 4m x 8m
• = 96 / 320 – 32
• = 96 / 288
• Inc. in Draft = 0.33m
• Old Draft = 3.00m ( + )
• New Draft = 3.33m
• C. Find the New GM
• KB = ½ x New Draft
• = ½ x 3.33m New BM = 1.44m
New KB = 1.67m ( + )
• KB = 1.67m New KM = 3.11m
• BM = I or LB³ KG = 2.28m ( - )
New GM = 0.83m
• V 12 x V
• = 36m x 8³m
• 12 x 40m x 8m x 3.33m
• = 18,432 / 12,787
• BM = 1.44m
• PERMEABILITY OF COMPARTMENT –
PERCENTAGE OF SPACE WHICH CAN BE
OCCUPIED BY WATER WHEN COMPARTMENT
IS BILGED.
• WHEN AN EMPTY COMPARTMENT IS
BILGED,THE WHOLE OF THE BUOYANCY
PROVIDED BY THE COMPARTMENT IS LOST.
LOST
ON THE OTHER HAND,WHEN A
COMPARTMENT CONTAINING CARGO IS
“BILGED”,THE
“BILGED”, CARGO CONTINUES TO
DISPLACE WATER AND ONLY PART OF THE
BUOYANCY PROVIDED BY THE
COMPARTMENT IS LOST.
 FOR EXAMPLE WHEN A COMPARTMENT
HAVING A PERMEABILITY OF 25% IS BILGED ,
ONLY ¼ OF THE SPACE CAN BE OCCUPIED BY
THE WATER . THE REMAINING ¾ OF THE
SPACE IS OCCUPIED BY THE CARGO.
CARGO
THEREFORE THE BUOYANCY LOST IS ONLY ¼
COMPARING IF THE COMPARTMENT IS EMPTY
• THE EFFECT OF “PERMEABILITY “ IS
THEREFORE TO “REDUCE” THE “LOST OF
BUOYANCY” WHEN THE COMPARTMENT IS
“BILGED”
• PERMEABILITY = BROKEN STOWAGE
X 100
STOWAGE FACTOR
• TYPICAL VALUES FOR PERMEABILITY
• Empty Compartment = 100%
• Engine Room = 80% to 85%
• Grain Filled Cargo Hold = 60% to 65%
• Coal Filled Compartment = 36% Approx.
• Filled Water Ballast = 0%
• ( When Ship in SW )
• Example No. 1 NOTE: No Breadth is given
• A box shape vessel is 64m long and floating in
an even keel at 3m draft. A compartment
amidship is 12m long and contain a cargo having
a permeability of 25%. Calculate the increase in
draft if the compartment is bilged?
• Inc. in Draft = Vol. of lost Buoyancy
• Area of Intact Waterplane
• = 0.25 x 12 x Breadth x 3
• 64 x Breadth – 0.25 x 12 x Breadth
• = 9B / 61B
• Inc in Draft = 0.15 meter
• Example No. 2 Note: Stowage Factor is Given
• A box shape vessel 180m x 25m x 14m is
floating on an even keel at 7m draft. A
compartment amidship is 15m long and contain
logs of relative density 0.6 and stowage factor of
1.3 m³/ton. Calculate the new draft if the
compartment is bilged?
• Solution:
• Permeability = Broken Stowage x 100
Stowage Factor
 L = 180 m
W1 L1
W XL
Vol. of Lost Buoyancy

AFT FWD
Space occupied by = 1 One ton of FW occupies one
cubic meter of space and the
Relative density is 0.6
One ton of log 0.6
Space occupied = 1.67 m³
Stowage Factor = 1.30 m³ ( - )
Broken Stowage = 0.37 m³
x 100
Permeability = Broken Stowage
Stowage Factor
x 100
= 0.37
1.30
Permeability = 28.46% or 28.5%
• Inc. in Draft = Vol. of Lost Buoyancy
• Area of Intact Waterplane
• = 0.285 x 15m x 25m x 7m
• 180m x 25m – 0.285 x 15m x 25m
• Inc. in Draft = 748.125
• 4500 – 106.875
• Inc. in Draft = 748.125 / 4393.125
• Inc. in Draft = 0.17 m
• Old Draft = 7,00 m ( + )
• New Draft = 7.17 m
• Example No. 3 Note: TPC is Given
• A ship floating in salt water on an even keel
of 8 meters draft. TPC is 17 tons. A compartment
amidship is 30 meters long, 10 meters wide and
6 meters deep. The compartment contains cargo
with permeability of 22%. What is the new
draft if the compartment is bilged?
• Solution:
• Buoyancy Lost = Permeability x L x W x D x

R. Density
• = 0.22 x 30 x 10 x 6 x 1.025
• Buoyancy Lost = 405.9 tons
• Increase in Draft = Weight / TPC
• = 405.9 tons / 17 tons
• Increase in Draft = 23.88 cm.
• Or = 0. 2388 m
• Old Draft = 8.0000 m ( + )
• New Draft = 8.2388 m
• BILGING END COMPARTMENTS
• When the bilged compartment is situated in a
position away from amidship, the vessel’s mean
draft will increase to make good the lost
buoyancy but the trim will also change.
• BILGING END COMPARTMENT
100 m
W

W1 F G 10m L1
W L
B2 B1
B 6.0 m

BILGED AT FWD END

W
• The vertical component of the shift of the center of
buoyancy (B to B1) is due to the increase in the mean
draft. A trimming moment of W x B1B2 by the head is
produced and the vessel will trim about the center of
flotation (F), which is the center of gravity of the new
waterplane area.
• B1B2 = w x d OR W x B1B2 = w x d
• W
• W x B1B2 = Trimming moment
• w x d = Trimming moment
• Note: When calculating the TPC, MCTC, etc, it must
be remembered that the information is required for the
vessel in the bilged condition using draft (d2) and
intact length (L2).
• EXAMPLE NO. 1
A box-shaped vessel 75 meters long, 10
meters wide and 6 meters deep is floating n salt
water on an even keel at a draft of 4.5 meters.
Find the new drafts if a forward compartment 5
meters long is bilged.
• Solution: (a) First let the vessel sink bodily.
 L = 75m

W1 G x=5m L1
I
F

W L
B2 B1
B 4.5m=d

Bilged Comp’t

W
• w = l x B x d1 x 1.025 TPC = WPA L2 x B
• = 5m x 10m x 4.5mx 1.025 97.56 97.56
TPC = 70m x 10m
• w = 230.63 tons 97.56
(Moment changing trim) TPC = 7.175

• Increase in Draft = w / TPC

• = 230.63 / 7.175
• Increase in Draft = 32.14 cm or

• 0.321 m
• Old Draft 4.500 m ( + ) = draft (d1)
• New Mean Draft = 4.821 m = draft (d2)
• (b) Now consider the trim
• W = L x B x d1 x 1.025
• = 75m x 10m x 4.5m x 1.025
• W = 3,459 tons
• BML = IL / V
• = B x L³2
• 12V
• = 10 x 70³2
• 12 x 75 x 10 x 4.5
• BML = 84.7 meters
• MCTC = W x BML
• 100 x L
• = 3,459 tons x 84.7 meters
• 100 x 75 meters
• MCTC = 39.05 tons/cm.
• Change of Trim = Moment Changing Trim x d
MCTC
• Where; d = LBP = 75 meters
2 2
• = 37.5 meters (Lever from new LCF)

= 230.6 tons x 37.5 meters

39.05 tons/cm
• Change of Trim = 221.4 cm by the head
• After Bilging, LCF has moved to F i.e.
( L – x ) / 2 from the Stern
• Change of Draft Aft = I x Change of Trim
L
Where; I =Length of F from stern =35 m x 221.4 cm
75 m
• Change of Draft Aft = 103.3 cm or 1.033 m
• Change of Draft Fwd. = 40 m x 221.4 cm

75 m
• Change of Draft Fwd. = 118.1 cm or 1.181 m
• (c) Now Find New Drafts
Draft before trimming = Aft 4.821m Fwd 4.821m
Change due to trim = ( - ) 1.033m ( + ) 1.181m
• Ans. New Drafts = Aft 3.788m Fwd 6.002m
• Example No. 2
• A box-ship 75m x 12m is floating upright in
salt water on an even keel at 2.5m draft F and A.
The forepeak tank which is 6m long is empty.
Find the final drafts the vessel is now holed
forward of the collision bulkhead.
bulkhead
 b L = 75m

I
x=6m
W1 F G L1
W L
B2 B1 2.5m
B
BILGE
W COMPARTMENT
• Solution: a) Let the vessel sink bodily
• w = X x B x d x R. Density
• w = Trimming Moment
• X = Length of the Bilged Compartment
• w = 6m x 12m x 2.5m x 1.025 ton/m³
• w = 184.5 tons ( Trimming Moments )
• TPC = 1.025 x Area / 100
• TPC = (75 – 6) x 12 x 1.025
• 100
• TPC = 8.487
• Solution:
• Inc. in Draft = W / TPC
• = 184.5 tons / 8.487
• Inc. in Draft = 21.74 cm or 0.2174 m
• Old Draft = 2.5 m ( + ) = Draft d1
• New Mean Draft = 2.7174 m = Draft d2
b) Now consider the trim
W = L x B x Draft1 x R. Density
= 75m x 12m x 2.5m x 1.025
W = 2,306.5 tons
BML = I / V
= BL³ / 12V
= 12 x 69³
12 x 75 x 12 x 2.5
= 3,942,108 / 27,000
BML = 146.004 meters
• MCTC = W x BML
• 100 x L
• = 2,306.25tons x 146.004m
• 100 x 75m
• = 336721.752 / 7500
• MCTC = 44.90 tons meter / cm
• Change of Trim = Trim Moment / MCTC
• = 184.5 x 37.5 ( L/2)
44.90
• Change of Trim = 154.09 cm by the head
• After Bilging LCF has moved to F i.e. (L –
x/2) from the stern.
• Change of Draft Aft = I x Change of Trim
• L
• 34.5m x 154.09 cm
• 75m
• Change of Draft Aft = 70.88 cm or 0.7088m
• Change of Draft Fwd. = 40.5m
x 154.09 cm
• 75m
• Change of Draft Fwd. = 83.21 cm or 0.8321m
• Draft before Trimming: A 2.7174m F 2.7174m
• Change due to Trim: - 0.7088m + 0.8321m
• Ans. New Drafts A 2.0086 F 0.8321m