Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Personal narrative
Personal narrative
• In this type of passage, the events prompt the narrator to reflect
within him or herself.
• Point of view: first-person
• While there might be other character, they are presented in relation
to how they affect the narrator, and the narrator’s commentary on
them will often reveal something about his or her perspective on life,
resulting in an indirect characterization of the narrator.
• One traditional and common form of the narrative essay is the
Reflective Essay.
• A Reflective Essay tells the story of a past experience, recalling how
the writer was involved and how the experience affected the writer at
the time; then reflects upon that experience from the present,
exploring how the writer feels about it now (e.g., why it still matters
to you, regrets, things you wish you’d done differently, why you are
glad for the experience, what you’ve learned that you still carry with
you, etc.)
Structure
The SAT personal/fictional narrative passages may
have some or all stages of the common narrative
structure, and simply adds the reflection along the
development of the story or at the end.
• exposition (setting the scene or context);
• narrative hook (introducing a potential problem or
conflict);
• conflict (the opposition of forces; what’s at stake);
• rising action (the story and conflict develops);
• climax (the critical moment; the height of conflict);
• resolution (how it all turns out).
• reflection (how you feel about it all now).
SAT Narrative Passage Analysis
• The common conflict or climax in this type of essay is usually to bring
about the change in the narrator’s or the protagonist’s attitude or
perspective.
• Pay attention to the effect of the setting, events, or other character
on the narrator/protagonist’s perspective.
Character/ Event Description Effect on narrator/protagonist’s
perspective
Example
Except Agnes. Agnes had surprised everyone by going to Eleanora noticed that Mama had left a lamp burning in the
1. Which of the following best captures what happens in the
America. By herself. She hadn't even told Eleanora, her best parlor. She went to turn it out, and was surprised to find passage?
friend, what she had been planning. Mama there, knitting socks, even though the church bell had A) A young woman goes on a date.
Agnes had always been different. Her mother had died when already struck so eight. B) A young woman is influenced by a letter.
C) A young woman deceives her mother.
Agnes was only three. Ever since, her father had complained Mama gave her a look, and at first Eleanora feared she
D) A young woman reaches a decision.
about the expense of raising a girl who would never be able to might give her a scolding. It was awfully late to be out. 2. Over the course of the passage, the main focus of the
do a man's work on the farm. Instead, Mama asked, "Did you and Lars have a good time?" narrative shifts from
He wouldn't miss Agnes. thought Eleanora. Then she smiled. "Oh, yes," Eleanora answered. She didn't want to tell Mama A) Eleanora's indecision to her decision.
Agnes wouldn't miss him either. about the kiss.
B) Lars proposing marriage to Eleanora's deciding to accept.
C) Eleanora's kissing Lars to her concealing it from her mother.
Just today, Eleanora had received a letter from Agnes. It was After a moment. Mama said, "He didn't say anything you'd D) Eleanora's refusing to marry Lars to her changing her mind.
a surprise to see her neat handwriting on the want to tell me?"
Eleanora closed the front door and stood with her back envelope. Eleanora put her hand inside her purse, touching Eleanora shook her head. "No, Mama. Not yet. But he will. You
against it. Outside, she heard the hoofbeats of Lars' horse and the letter. She had carried it all day long, reading it over and know Lars. He's reliable."
the slick sound of his sleigh's runners on the snow-covered over. Mama nodded. "He's a good young man," she said. "But you
ground. Agnes had a job working as a maid in a wealthy family's shouldn't let him become too familiar unless..." She trailed off,
After tonight, she had no doubt that Lars intended to ask for home. She had her own room in the house and took her but Eleanora knew what she meant.
her hand. He had kissed her as they sat in the sleigh behind meals there, too. So she could save practically everything she "By the way," Mama continued, "you didn't let me read the
Peterson's general store, watching the stars. earned. letter that came from Agnes."
She had let him kiss her. knowing that it was something they "You wouldn't believe how many buildings there are here," Eleanora took off her coat and sat down by the fireplace. "Oh,
should only be doing if they were betrothed. But she had no Agnes had written. "And there are so many wagons and cans I threw it away. Mama. She just said some silly things. Nothing
fear. Lars was reliable. She had the feeling that he intended to going from place to place. Everybody moves so fast. But it's so you'd be interested in."
propose tonight, except that she had interrupted him, much fun. It seems like nobody goes to bed until ten o'clock Mama put her knitting in a bag and stood up. "I'm going to
complaining that her feet were getting cold. or even later! There's something happening all the time." bed," she said. "You'd better not stay up much later."
They weren't actually any colder than they had been for the Agnes liked that, Eleanora knew. Something so happening all “I won't, Mama," said Eleanora. "I just want to sit by the fire
last half hour. She just hadn't wanted to have him ask her. Not the time. She was always restless here in Skara, where you and warm up."
yet. had to go to bed early because work started before the sun Mama left and Eleanora looked into the remnants of the logs
came up. that would soon burn out. She took the letter from her purse
Was that foolish of her? She was eighteen now and it was
high time she started to raise a family. Most of her friends What would it be like to live there, Eleanora wondered. She and dropped it into the fire. It blazed up.
already had, or were planning to marry that summer. had some money saved from selling needlework. If only... Lars was reliable. Next time she would let him ask.
Except Agnes. Agnes had surprised everyone by going to Eleanora noticed that Mama had left a lamp burning in the
3. The passage implies that Eleanora may best be thought of as
America. By herself. She hadn't even told Eleanora, her best parlor. She went to turn it out, and was surprised to find
A) an envious friend.
friend, what she had been planning. Mama there, knitting socks, even though the church bell had B) a devoted daughter.
Agnes had always been different. Her mother had died when already struck so eight. C) an undecided young woman.
Agnes was only three. Ever since, her father had complained Mama gave her a look, and at first Eleanora feared she D) an impatient girlfriend.
about the expense of raising a girl who would never be able to might give her a scolding. It was awfully late to be out. 4. The narrator frequently describes Lars as "reliable" (lines 11,
71, 91). In this context, the word is most likely meant to convey
do a man's work on the farm. Instead, Mama asked, "Did you and Lars have a good time?" the idea that Lars is
He wouldn't miss Agnes. thought Eleanora. Then she smiled. "Oh, yes," Eleanora answered. She didn't want to tell Mama A) punctual.
Agnes wouldn't miss him either. about the kiss. B) a diligent worker.
C) honorable.
Just today, Eleanora had received a letter from Agnes. It was After a moment. Mama said, "He didn't say anything you'd
D) not easily dissuaded.
a surprise to see her neat handwriting on the want to tell me?"
Eleanora closed the front door and stood with her back envelope. Eleanora put her hand inside her purse, touching Eleanora shook her head. "No, Mama. Not yet. But he will. You
against it. Outside, she heard the hoofbeats of Lars' horse and the letter. She had carried it all day long, reading it over and know Lars. He's reliable."
the slick sound of his sleigh's runners on the snow-covered over. Mama nodded. "He's a good young man," she said. "But you
ground. Agnes had a job working as a maid in a wealthy family's shouldn't let him become too familiar unless..." She trailed off,
After tonight, she had no doubt that Lars intended to ask for home. She had her own room in the house and took her but Eleanora knew what she meant.
her hand. He had kissed her as they sat in the sleigh behind meals there, too. So she could save practically everything she "By the way," Mama continued, "you didn't let me read the
Peterson's general store, watching the stars. earned. letter that came from Agnes."
She had let him kiss her. knowing that it was something they "You wouldn't believe how many buildings there are here," Eleanora took off her coat and sat down by the fireplace. "Oh,
should only be doing if they were betrothed. But she had no Agnes had written. "And there are so many wagons and cans I threw it away. Mama. She just said some silly things. Nothing
fear. Lars was reliable. She had the feeling that he intended to going from place to place. Everybody moves so fast. But it's so you'd be interested in."
propose tonight, except that she had interrupted him, much fun. It seems like nobody goes to bed until ten o'clock Mama put her knitting in a bag and stood up. "I'm going to
complaining that her feet were getting cold. or even later! There's something happening all the time." bed," she said. "You'd better not stay up much later."
They weren't actually any colder than they had been for the Agnes liked that, Eleanora knew. Something so happening all “I won't, Mama," said Eleanora. "I just want to sit by the fire
last half hour. She just hadn't wanted to have him ask her. Not the time. She was always restless here in Skara, where you and warm up."
yet. had to go to bed early because work started before the sun Mama left and Eleanora looked into the remnants of the logs
came up. that would soon burn out. She took the letter from her purse
Was that foolish of her? She was eighteen now and it was
high time she started to raise a family. Most of her friends What would it be like to live there, Eleanora wondered. She and dropped it into the fire. It blazed up.
already had, or were planning to marry that summer. had some money saved from selling needlework. If only... Lars was reliable. Next time she would let him ask.
Except Agnes. Agnes had surprised everyone by going to Eleanora noticed that Mama had left a lamp burning in the
America. By herself. She hadn't even told Eleanora, her best parlor. She went to turn it out, and was surprised to find 5. Based on the passage, which choice most nearly describes the
friend, what she had been planning. Mama there, knitting socks, even though the church bell had difference between Eleanora and Agnes?
already struck so eight. A) Eleanora has a better relationship with her father than Agnes
Agnes had always been different. Her mother had died when does.
Agnes was only three. Ever since, her father had complained Mama gave her a look, and at first Eleanora feared she B) Eleanora does not have as strong a work ethic as Agnes.
about the expense of raising a girl who would never be able to might give her a scolding. It was awfully late to be out. C) Eleanora has a stronger sense of duty than Agnes does.
do a man's work on the farm. D) Eleanora is more flighty than Agnes.
Instead, Mama asked, "Did you and Lars have a good time?"
6. The main purpose of lines 42-48 (“You wouldn't… time") is to
He wouldn't miss Agnes. thought Eleanora. Then she smiled. "Oh, yes," Eleanora answered. She didn't want to tell Mama
show how
Agnes wouldn't miss him either. about the kiss. A) different Agnes' life was in America
Just today, Eleanora had received a letter from Agnes. It was After a moment. Mama said, "He didn't say anything you'd B) many people lived in Agnes new home
a surprise to see her neat handwriting on the want to tell me?" C) shallow life in America seemed to Eleanora.
D) much money Agnes was saving
Eleanora closed the front door and stood with her back envelope. Eleanora put her hand inside her purse, touching Eleanora shook her head. "No, Mama. Not yet. But he will. You
against it. Outside, she heard the hoofbeats of Lars' horse and the letter. She had carried it all day long, reading it over and know Lars. He's reliable."
the slick sound of his sleigh's runners on the snow-covered over. Mama nodded. "He's a good young man," she said. "But you
ground. Agnes had a job working as a maid in a wealthy family's shouldn't let him become too familiar unless..." She trailed off,
After tonight, she had no doubt that Lars intended to ask for home. She had her own room in the house and took her but Eleanora knew what she meant.
her hand. He had kissed her as they sat in the sleigh behind meals there, too. So she could save practically everything she "By the way," Mama continued, "you didn't let me read the
Peterson's general store, watching the stars. earned. letter that came from Agnes."
She had let him kiss her. knowing that it was something they "You wouldn't believe how many buildings there are here," Eleanora took off her coat and sat down by the fireplace. "Oh,
should only be doing if they were betrothed. But she had no Agnes had written. "And there are so many wagons and cans I threw it away. Mama. She just said some silly things. Nothing
fear. Lars was reliable. She had the feeling that he intended to going from place to place. Everybody moves so fast. But it's so you'd be interested in."
propose tonight, except that she had interrupted him, much fun. It seems like nobody goes to bed until ten o'clock Mama put her knitting in a bag and stood up. "I'm going to
complaining that her feet were getting cold. or even later! There's something happening all the time." bed," she said. "You'd better not stay up much later."
They weren't actually any colder than they had been for the Agnes liked that, Eleanora knew. Something so happening all “I won't, Mama," said Eleanora. "I just want to sit by the fire
last half hour. She just hadn't wanted to have him ask her. Not the time. She was always restless here in Skara, where you and warm up."
yet. had to go to bed early because work started before the sun Mama left and Eleanora looked into the remnants of the logs
came up. that would soon burn out. She took the letter from her purse
Was that foolish of her? She was eighteen now and it was
high time she started to raise a family. Most of her friends What would it be like to live there, Eleanora wondered. She and dropped it into the fire. It blazed up.
already had, or were planning to marry that summer. had some money saved from selling needlework. If only... Lars was reliable. Next time she would let him ask.
Except Agnes. Agnes had surprised everyone by going to Eleanora noticed that Mama had left a lamp burning in the
America. By herself. She hadn't even told Eleanora, her best parlor. She went to turn it out, and was surprised to find 7. The passage most strongly suggests that Eleanora
A) is deeply in love with Lars.
friend, what she had been planning. Mama there, knitting socks, even though the church bell had
B) thinks Agnes has made a foolish decision
Agnes had always been different. Her mother had died when already struck so eight. C) considers going to America herself
Agnes was only three. Ever since, her father had complained Mama gave her a look, and at first Eleanora feared she D) feels sorry for Agnes.
about the expense of raising a girl who would never be able to might give her a scolding. It was awfully late to be out. 8. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the
previous question?
do a man's work on the farm. Instead, Mama asked, "Did you and Lars have a good time?" A) Lines 22-23 ("Except Agnes...planning)
He wouldn't miss Agnes. thought Eleanora. Then she smiled. "Oh, yes," Eleanora answered. She didn't want to tell Mama B) Lines 38-41 (“Agnes had...earned')
Agnes wouldn't miss him either. about the kiss. C) Lines 53-55 ("What would...only")
D) Lines 91-92 ("Lars was… ask")
Just today, Eleanora had received a letter from Agnes. It was After a moment. Mama said, "He didn't say anything you'd
a surprise to see her neat handwriting on the want to tell me?"
Eleanora closed the front door and stood with her back envelope. Eleanora put her hand inside her purse, touching Eleanora shook her head. "No, Mama. Not yet. But he will. You
against it. Outside, she heard the hoofbeats of Lars' horse and the letter. She had carried it all day long, reading it over and know Lars. He's reliable."
the slick sound of his sleigh's runners on the snow-covered over. Mama nodded. "He's a good young man," she said. "But you
ground. Agnes had a job working as a maid in a wealthy family's shouldn't let him become too familiar unless..." She trailed off,
After tonight, she had no doubt that Lars intended to ask for home. She had her own room in the house and took her but Eleanora knew what she meant.
her hand. He had kissed her as they sat in the sleigh behind meals there, too. So she could save practically everything she "By the way," Mama continued, "you didn't let me read the
Peterson's general store, watching the stars. earned. letter that came from Agnes."
She had let him kiss her. knowing that it was something they "You wouldn't believe how many buildings there are here," Eleanora took off her coat and sat down by the fireplace. "Oh,
should only be doing if they were betrothed. But she had no Agnes had written. "And there are so many wagons and cans I threw it away. Mama. She just said some silly things. Nothing
fear. Lars was reliable. She had the feeling that he intended to going from place to place. Everybody moves so fast. But it's so you'd be interested in."
propose tonight, except that she had interrupted him, much fun. It seems like nobody goes to bed until ten o'clock Mama put her knitting in a bag and stood up. "I'm going to
complaining that her feet were getting cold. or even later! There's something happening all the time." bed," she said. "You'd better not stay up much later."
They weren't actually any colder than they had been for the Agnes liked that, Eleanora knew. Something so happening all “I won't, Mama," said Eleanora. "I just want to sit by the fire
last half hour. She just hadn't wanted to have him ask her. Not the time. She was always restless here in Skara, where you and warm up."
yet. had to go to bed early because work started before the sun Mama left and Eleanora looked into the remnants of the logs
came up. that would soon burn out. She took the letter from her purse
Was that foolish of her? She was eighteen now and it was
high time she started to raise a family. Most of her friends What would it be like to live there, Eleanora wondered. She and dropped it into the fire. It blazed up.
already had, or were planning to marry that summer. had some money saved from selling needlework. If only... Lars was reliable. Next time she would let him ask.
Except Agnes. Agnes had surprised everyone by going to Eleanora noticed that Mama had left a lamp burning in the
9. The passage most strongly suggests that Eleanora's mother
America. By herself. She hadn't even told Eleanora, her best parlor. She went to turn it out, and was surprised to find waited up for her because
friend, what she had been planning. Mama there, knitting socks, even though the church bell had A) She wanted to see the letter from Agnes.
Agnes had always been different. Her mother had died when already struck so eight. B) She expected that Lars might have asked Eleanora to many him.
Agnes was only three. Ever since, her father had complained Mama gave her a look, and at first Eleanora feared she C) She didn't like Eleanora staying out so late.
D) She worried that Eleanora would go to America.
about the expense of raising a girl who would never be able to might give her a scolding. It was awfully late to be out.
10 Which choice provides the best support for the answer to the
do a man's work on the farm. Instead, Mama asked, "Did you and Lars have a good time?" previous question?
He wouldn't miss Agnes. thought Eleanora. Then she smiled. "Oh, yes," Eleanora answered. She didn't want to tell Mama A) Lines 57-60 ("She went...eight")
Agnes wouldn't miss him either. about the kiss. B) Lines 61-63 ("Mama gave...out")
C) Lines 68-69 (After a... me")
Just today, Eleanora had received a letter from Agnes. It was After a moment. Mama said, "He didn't say anything you'd D) Lines 76-77 ("By the... Agnes”)
a surprise to see her neat handwriting on the want to tell me?"
Eleanora closed the front door and stood with her back envelope. Eleanora put her hand inside her purse, touching Eleanora shook her head. "No, Mama. Not yet. But he will. You
against it. Outside, she heard the hoofbeats of Lars' horse and the letter. She had carried it all day long, reading it over and know Lars. He's reliable."
the slick sound of his sleigh's runners on the snow-covered over. Mama nodded. "He's a good young man," she said. "But you
ground. Agnes had a job working as a maid in a wealthy family's shouldn't let him become too familiar unless..." She trailed off,
After tonight, she had no doubt that Lars intended to ask for home. She had her own room in the house and took her but Eleanora knew what she meant.
her hand. He had kissed her as they sat in the sleigh behind meals there, too. So she could save practically everything she "By the way," Mama continued, "you didn't let me read the
Peterson's general store, watching the stars. earned. letter that came from Agnes."
She had let him kiss her. knowing that it was something they "You wouldn't believe how many buildings there are here," Eleanora took off her coat and sat down by the fireplace. "Oh,
should only be doing if they were betrothed. But she had no Agnes had written. "And there are so many wagons and cans I threw it away. Mama. She just said some silly things. Nothing
fear. Lars was reliable. She had the feeling that he intended to going from place to place. Everybody moves so fast. But it's so you'd be interested in."
propose tonight, except that she had interrupted him, much fun. It seems like nobody goes to bed until ten o'clock Mama put her knitting in a bag and stood up. "I'm going to
complaining that her feet were getting cold. or even later! There's something happening all the time." bed," she said. "You'd better not stay up much later."
They weren't actually any colder than they had been for the Agnes liked that, Eleanora knew. Something so happening all “I won't, Mama," said Eleanora. "I just want to sit by the fire
last half hour. She just hadn't wanted to have him ask her. Not the time. She was always restless here in Skara, where you and warm up."
yet. had to go to bed early because work started before the sun Mama left and Eleanora looked into the remnants of the logs
came up. that would soon burn out. She took the letter from her purse
Was that foolish of her? She was eighteen now and it was
high time she started to raise a family. Most of her friends What would it be like to live there, Eleanora wondered. She and dropped it into the fire. It blazed up.
already had, or were planning to marry that summer. had some money saved from selling needlework. If only... Lars was reliable. Next time she would let him ask.
Except Agnes. Agnes had surprised everyone by going to Eleanora noticed that Mama had left a lamp burning in the
America. By herself. She hadn't even told Eleanora, her best parlor. She went to turn it out, and was surprised to find 11. As used in line 74, "familiar" most likely means
A) close.
friend, what she had been planning. Mama there, knitting socks, even though the church bell had
B) attached.
Agnes had always been different. Her mother had died when already struck so eight. C) impertinent.
Agnes was only three. Ever since, her father had complained Mama gave her a look, and at first Eleanora feared she D) neighborly.
about the expense of raising a girl who would never be able to might give her a scolding. It was awfully late to be out. 12. What is the most likely reason the author of the passage
do a man's work on the farm. describes Eleanora telling her mother that she threw away Agnes'
Instead, Mama asked, "Did you and Lars have a good time?" letter (lines 79-81)?
He wouldn't miss Agnes. thought Eleanora. Then she smiled. "Oh, yes," Eleanora answered. She didn't want to tell Mama A) He wants to indicate that Eleanora doesn't trust her mother's
Agnes wouldn't miss him either. about the kiss. judgment.
Just today, Eleanora had received a letter from Agnes. It was After a moment. Mama said, "He didn't say anything you'd B) He wants to indicate that Eleanora doesn't want her mother to
know she is tempted by what Agnes wrote.
a surprise to see her neat handwriting on the want to tell me?"
C) He wants to indicate that Eleanora is secretive.
D) He wants to indicate that Eleanora desires to follow Agnes.
Eleanora closed the front door and stood with her back envelope. Eleanora put her hand inside her purse, touching Eleanora shook her head. "No, Mama. Not yet. But he will. You
against it. Outside, she heard the hoofbeats of Lars' horse and the letter. She had carried it all day long, reading it over and know Lars. He's reliable."
the slick sound of his sleigh's runners on the snow-covered over. Mama nodded. "He's a good young man," she said. "But you
ground. Agnes had a job working as a maid in a wealthy family's shouldn't let him become too familiar unless..." She trailed off,
After tonight, she had no doubt that Lars intended to ask for home. She had her own room in the house and took her but Eleanora knew what she meant.
her hand. He had kissed her as they sat in the sleigh behind meals there, too. So she could save practically everything she "By the way," Mama continued, "you didn't let me read the
Peterson's general store, watching the stars. earned. letter that came from Agnes."
She had let him kiss her. knowing that it was something they "You wouldn't believe how many buildings there are here," Eleanora took off her coat and sat down by the fireplace. "Oh,
should only be doing if they were betrothed. But she had no Agnes had written. "And there are so many wagons and cans I threw it away. Mama. She just said some silly things. Nothing
fear. Lars was reliable. She had the feeling that he intended to going from place to place. Everybody moves so fast. But it's so you'd be interested in."
propose tonight, except that she had interrupted him, much fun. It seems like nobody goes to bed until ten o'clock Mama put her knitting in a bag and stood up. "I'm going to
complaining that her feet were getting cold. or even later! There's something happening all the time." bed," she said. "You'd better not stay up much later."
They weren't actually any colder than they had been for the Agnes liked that, Eleanora knew. Something so happening all “I won't, Mama," said Eleanora. "I just want to sit by the fire
last half hour. She just hadn't wanted to have him ask her. Not the time. She was always restless here in Skara, where you and warm up."
yet. had to go to bed early because work started before the sun Mama left and Eleanora looked into the remnants of the logs
came up. that would soon burn out. She took the letter from her purse
Was that foolish of her? She was eighteen now and it was
high time she started to raise a family. Most of her friends What would it be like to live there, Eleanora wondered. She and dropped it into the fire. It blazed up.
already had, or were planning to marry that summer. had some money saved from selling needlework. If only... Lars was reliable. Next time she would let him ask.
Except Agnes. Agnes had surprised everyone by going to Eleanora noticed that Mama had left a lamp burning in the
America. By herself. She hadn't even told Eleanora, her best parlor. She went to turn it out, and was surprised to find 13. What is the main idea of the last two paragraphs of the
friend, what she had been planning. Mama there, knitting socks, even though the church bell had passage?
already struck so eight. A) Eleanora has made up her mind to marry Lars.
Agnes had always been different. Her mother had died when B) Eleanora has decided to follow Agnes to America.
Agnes was only three. Ever since, her father had complained Mama gave her a look, and at first Eleanora feared she C) Eleanora is angry that Agnes is living a better life.
about the expense of raising a girl who would never be able to might give her a scolding. It was awfully late to be out. D) Eleanora wants to have time to decide what to do.
do a man's work on the farm. Instead, Mama asked, "Did you and Lars have a good time?"
He wouldn't miss Agnes. thought Eleanora. Then she smiled. "Oh, yes," Eleanora answered. She didn't want to tell Mama
Agnes wouldn't miss him either. about the kiss.
Just today, Eleanora had received a letter from Agnes. It was After a moment. Mama said, "He didn't say anything you'd
a surprise to see her neat handwriting on the want to tell me?"