Respiratory system

• KI: Describe the mechanism of breathing in the

lungs. what inhalation and exhalation are parts
of the human exchange system and know their
functions.
• GI: Explain how the functions of the parts of the
human exchange system and how it takes place.
• TI: Analyse the adaptations of the gas exchange
surfaces.
Exchange of Gases in the Lungs
• The lungs are
found in the upper
part of the chest
called the thorax.

• The diaphragm
separates the lungs
from your
digestive organs,
this is called the
abdomen.
 Exchange of Gases in the Lungs
• The job of the breathing
system is to move air in
and out of the lungs.

- Breathing air into the

lungs= inhalation
- Breathing air out of the
lungs = exhalation
 Inhalation and exhalation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MF9DBxLR
GlU
Listen out for:
- The changes that occur in the lungs
during exhalation
- The changes that occur in the lungs
during inhalation.
 Task
• Using the information from the video + your text
book produce a table comparing inhalation and
exhalation

You should include the following:

- What happens to the diaphragm and rib cage
- What happens to the volume and pressure inside
the lungs.

Extra challenge: Include diagrams to show the

difference between inhalation and exhalation.
 Inhalation and exhalation
There are differences in the gases inhaled and
exhaled. Complete the table showing these
differences.

KI: Identify correctly the gases inhaled and

exhaled.
GI: Describe the % of each gas in inhaled and
exhaled air.
TI: Evaluated the reasons for the differences.
Gas Inhaled air Exhaled air Reason for
difference.
……..% 16%

0.0……% 4%
(100 times
more)
78% …….%
……..% 1%

Variable Always
higher
 Function
• The respiratory system is the group of tissues
and organs in your body that enable you to
breathe.
• The respiratory system's primary function is to
supply oxygen to all the parts of your body so
respiration can take place in our cells.
The Respiratory system
The Respiratory system
 Draw a quick sketch of
what you think the lungs
look like!
Did it look like this?
 The route of oxygen…
• Put these in the correct order
– Mouth
– Alveoli
– Bronchus
– Trachea
– Bronchioles
 The route of oxygen…
• The correct order
– Mouth
– Trachea
– Bronchus
– Bronchioles
– Alveoli
 Inside an alveolus
Oxygen makes its way to special air sacs.

Actually, each air sac is found to

be a bundle of air sacs.
Together, they are known as an
alveolus.

The outside of the alveolus is

covered with tiny blood vessels.

We can look inside the alveolus to get some idea of why they
are shaped the way they are.
Identify the parts of the alveolus
A cross-section of an alveolus
oxygen (O ) gas 2
passes through here

epithelial lining
of the alveolus

This O2 is then
able to dissolve in
a small moist
lining.
Keeping the environment right

dissolve
O2 moist lining
O2
O2
O2
dissolve

This moist lining also stops the alveolus from drying and cracking. It
lubricates the insides of the air bag.
Diffusion at work
Oxygen diffusion into red blood cells
After the oxygen dissolves it also diffuses.

O2 O2 O2 O2
cell lining of
alveolus

D IFF USI ON cell lining of

capillary

blood

The oxygen molecules must diffuse through both the lining of the alveolus
and the lining of the blood capillary.

They are eventually picked up by red blood cells.

 Laws of diffusion
blood coming
The movement of the oxygen from the lungs
from the blood to the cells also
follows the law of diffusion.
high
concentration
It is highly concentrated
low
within the blood. concentration

Meanwhile the concentration body cell

is low within the cell.

Therefore the oxygen passes

into the body cells.
 Task
• Draw a diagram of the alveoli and
explain gas exchange.

You should include the following key

terms: concentration gradient, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, diffusion, blood, alveoli