AQA Knowledge PowerPoint

Unit 2 Biology 2 B2.5 Proteins – their functions and uses

Proteins have many functions, both inside and outside the cells of living
organisms. Proteins, as enzymes, are now used widely in the home and in
industry.

• B2.5.1 Proteins

• B2.5.2 Enzymes

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PiXL AQA Knowledge PowerPoint Unit 2 Biology 2 B2 GCSE Additional Science for certification June 2014 onwards
B2.5.1 Proteins - Enzymes Enzymes made of proteins they are biological catalysts -
substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions
Protein molecules are made up without being used up.
of long chains of amino acids.
These long chains are folded to
produce a specific shape that
enables other molecules to fit
into the protein.
Proteins: structural components
of tissues e.g. muscles,
hormones, antibodies,
enzymes.
To begin with heat will help increase collisions
Uses of enzymes: Biological between the enzymes and substrates BUT too hot
detergents: Contain protease and and it will denature (remember denature NOT die)
lipase, break down protein and fats
in stains. Baby food: Protease, Pre
digest proteins. Diet products:
DENATURED
isomerase is used to convert glucose
syrup into fructose syrup, which is
much sweeter, can be used in
smaller quantities in slimming foods

Enzymes are also easily affected by pH changes. Need specific conditions to keep them
working at their best. OPTIMUM CONDITIONS!
B2.5.2 Enzymes –Digestive enzymes Enzymes for respiration, photosynthesis and protein
synthesis work inside cells. Other enzymes produced
Digestion and absorption occurs
by specialised cells and released from them e.g.
in the gut this goes from the digestive enzymes. Catalyse means to speed up.
mouth to the anus.
Enzyme Reaction Where produced
catalysed
Amylase Starch → sugars Salivary glands,
pancreas, small
intestine
Protease Proteins → amino Stomach, pancreas,
acids small intestine
Lipase Lipids → fatty Pancreas, small
acids + glycerol intestine

Digestion and pH:

The stomach releases acid. The enzymes
made in the stomach work best in acidic
conditions. The enzymes made in the pancreas
and small intestine work best in alkaline
conditions. The liver produces bile which is
released into the small intestine. Bile neutralises
the acid that was added to the food in the