FOUNDATION OF

EDUCATION
(Psycho, Socio & Philo)
ED 216 – 11:00 – 2:00PM
Professor: Shiela Ibrahim Ed. D
Reporter: Laiwelyn V. Beroy
SOCIAL INTERACTION
AND SOCIAL PROCESS
Objectives:
1. Identify and describe the most common
types of social interactions.
2. Explain the different types of social
interactions that help to stabilize society.
3. Explain the importance of social processes.
SOCIAL INTERACTION
-refers to the process by which people
mutually or reciprocally influence one
another’s attitudes, feelings, and
actions.
 Definition of Social Interaction
 Merrill: “social interaction is the process of
contact where the behavior modifies slightly”
“Modifies slightly”.
 Dowson & Getty: “Social interaction is a
process whereby men inter- penetrate the
mind of each other”.
 Nature of Social Interaction
 When two (2) or more persons, group
meet, there will be a mutual awareness &
response between them, both verbal &
non-verbal
 Exchange of messages is carried on
through the medium of language.
Language is a system of verbal and non-verbal
written symbols with standardized meaning
Non-verbal language involves the use
of written symbols.
Verbal language -involves the use of words or sound
symbols for things, objects, or ideas
FORM OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
 Between Individual and Individual
 Between Individual and Groups
 Between Groups and Groups
 Between Individual and Culture
SITUATIONS FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION
PERSON – TO - PERSON
PERSON – TO - GROUP
GROUP – TO - GROUP
 PERSON – TO - CULTURE

NORMS
VALUES
CUSTOMS TRADITIONS
 Approaches to Social
Interaction
 SYMBOLIC INTERACTION
 FUNCTIONALIST INTERACTION
Symbolic Interaction - refers to the communication of
thoughts & feelings between individuals that occurs by
means of symbol.
Specific Approaches under Symbolic Interaction

1. Definition of the Situation (W.I Thomas)

-refers to the sociological perspective
that views the meaning people attribute
to a social setting. This process is called
“negotiated interaction”
2. Dramaturgy (Erving Goffman)
-views social interaction as a resembling a
theatrical performance in which people
“stage” their behavior in such a way as to
elicit the responses they desire from other
people.
3. Ethno Methodology (Harold Garfinkel)
-studies the procedures people use to make
sense of their everyday lives & experiences
4. Social Exchange (Blau & Homans)
-portrays interaction as a more or less
straightforward & rationally calculated series of
mutually beneficial transactions.
Functionalist view
-human interactions involves little more than people
acting out roles (parent, child, worker) based on social
script, much as theatrical actors take their lines from a
play.
Social Process
- refer to forms of social
interaction that occur
repeatedly.
 Definition of Social Process
 Maclver:
“ Social Process is the manner
in which the relations of the
members of the group, once
brought together, acquire
distinctive character.”
 Ginsberg:
“ Social processes mean the
various modes of interaction
between individuals or groups
including cooperation and
conflict, social differentiation and
integration, development, arrest
and decay.”
 Horton and Hunt

“ The term social process

refers to the repetitive form of
behavior which are commonly
found in social life”
TYPES OF SOCIAL PROCESSES
Associative Process:
- these social processes
work for the solidarity and
benefit of society.
CATEGORY OF SOCIAL PROCESSES
1. COOPERATION
- is one of fundamental
processes of social life. Which
two or more individuals or
group work together jointly to
achieve common goals
 TYPES OF COOPERATION

1. INFORMAL COOPERATION
2. FORMAL COOPERATION
 Following are the Important
Characteristic of Cooperation
i. Cooperation is an associative
process of social interaction.
ii. Cooperation is a conscious process.
iii. Cooperation is a personal process.
iv. Cooperation is a continuous process.
v. Cooperation is universal process .
vi. Cooperation based upon two
elements such as common end and
organized effort.
 TYPES OF COOPERATION
a) Direct Cooperation
- all those activities in which
people do like things
together.
b) Indirect Cooperation
- those activities in which
people do unlike tasks
together towards a common
end.
 THREE MAIN CATEGORIES
a) Primary Cooperation
- There is an identify of
interests between the
individuals and the group.
b) Secondary Cooperation
- There is disparity of
interests between the
individuals.
c) Tertiary Cooperation
- The interaction between
the various big and small
groups to meet a
particular situation.
2. ACCOMMODATION
- Is the achievement of
adjustment between people
that permits harmonious acting
together in social situation.
 Following are the Important
Characteristic of Accommodation
i. It is the End-result of Conflict
ii. It is both Conscious and Unconscious process
iii. It is a universal activity
iv. It is a continuous process
v. It is a mixture of both love and hatred
Forms or Methods of Accommodation
A. Admission of one’s Defeat
B. Compromise
C. Arbitration and Concillation
D. Tolerance
E. Conversion
F. Rationalization
3. ASSIMILATION
- Which individuals belonging
to different cultures are united
into one.
Following are the Important
Characteristic of Assimilation
i. Assimilation is an associative process.
ii. Assimilation is a universal process.
iii. Assimilation is a slow and gradual process.
iv. Assimilation is a unconscious process.
v. Assimilation is a two-way process.
Factors Conducive for Assimilation
A. Tolerance
B. Close Social Contact
C. Amalgamation
D. Equal Economic Opportunity
E. Common Physical Traits
F. Cultural Similarity
 Factors Hindering Assimilation
i. Physical Differences
ii. Cultural Differences
iii. Prejudice
iv. Sense of superiority and inferiority
v. Domination and Subodination
vi. Isolation
 THE
END…
If you want to change the way people
respond to you, change the way you
respond to people.

-Timothy Leary
Thank you
and
God bless
everyone!